Platinum-ka ugu wayn ee adduunka
Waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo ee platinum - oo ay ku jiraan walxo dib loo isticmaalay - ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay noqdaan 7.225 milyan oo ounces sannadka 2014.
Tani waxay u dhigantaa qiyaastii boqolkiiba siddeed boqolkiiba sannadka 2013, taas oo ah natiijada shaqo joojin muddo shan bilood ah oo ay sameeyeen shaqaalaha ka shaqeeya saddexda shirkadood ee macdanta madow ee Koonfurta Afrika.
Shaqaalaha 70,000 oo qof oo shaqaale ah ayaa keenay in la qiyaasay in ka badan 1 milyan oo wiqiyadood oo ah platinum iyo dakhliga lumay ee ku saabsan US $ 2.3 bilyan.
10 ka mid ah soo saarayaasha ugu sarreeya ee platinum ayaa ku qiyaasay 5.14 milyan oo ounces sannadka 2014, ama in ka badan 70 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee waxsoosaarka dunida.
Anglo American Platinum (Amplats), ayaa mar kale, liiska ugu sarreeya soo saarayaasha adduunka ugu ballaadhan, iyadoo loo nadiifinayo 1.89 milyan oo ounces oo ka mid ah birta.
Inkasta oo joojinta joogtada ah ee shaqo ee Koonfur Afrika, uruurinta sare ee macdanta platinum kooxeed (PGMs) ee laga helay dalka ayaa hubisay in ay tahay halka kaliya ee ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay platinum, taas oo ka dhigan 60% dhammaan wax soo saarka miinada.
Tirakoobka wax soo saarka ee hoos ku qoran waxaa laga soo ururiyey warbixinnada sanadlaha ah ee shirkadda laga heli karo website-yadaha wax soosaarsanaya (sanadka maaliyadeed 2014). Lambarrada wax soo saarka ee platinum ee shirkad kasta waxaa laga heli karaa magaca shirkadda oo lagu muujiyay xayawaanka ounces (oz).
01 Anglo American Platinum - 1,890,000 oz
Anglo American Platinum (Amplats) waa unugga wax soo saarka PGM ee macdanta macaamiil ee Anglo American.
Amplats 'siddeedda hawlgallada PGM waxay ka kooban yihiin miino la maareeyey, miino-fal-wadareedyo iyo miinooyinka la xidhiidha ee ku baahsan Koonfur Afrika iyo Zimbabwe. Miino laga soosaaro hareeraha Merensky iyo UG2, Platreef iyo Sulfam zones.
In kasta oo wax soo saarku hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba 20 sannadkii ka horreeyey, shirkaddu waxay sii waday soosaarka ugu balaarinta adduunka ugu weyn, taas oo lagu xisaabtamayo in ka badan rubuc ka mid ah waxsoosaarka platinum ee la safeeyey 2014.
Macluumaadka Shirkadda: Anglo American plc
Website-ka shirkadda: www.angloamerican.com/
02 Impala Platinum - 1,180,000 oz
Hawlgallada macdanta 'Impala Platinum' (Implats) ee macdanta macdanta ayaa ku badan agagaarka Bushveld Complex ee Koonfur Afrika iyo Great Dyke ee Zimbabwe.
Sannadkii 2014, shirkaddu waxay tirisay in ka badan 16 boqolkiiba oo ka mid ah platinum caalami ah. Implat waa shan hawlgal oo waaweyn waa Impala, Zimplats, Marula, Mimosa, iyo Laba Rivers.
Inkastoo boqolkiiba 85 ee soo saarista 'PGM' ay ka imanayaan kuwan hoose, ilaha miinada, alaabada hadha ayaa laga helaa dhinacyada saddexaad iyadoo qayb ka ah daweynta lacagaha iyo dib u habeynta.
Macluumaadka Shirkadda: Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd.
Shabakadda Ganacsiga: www.implats.co.za
03 Norilsk Nickel - 657,000 oz
Iskudambeynta shaqo joojinta ee Koonfur Afrika, Norilsk Nickel's waxsoosaarka platinum ee lagu nadiifiyey ayaa weli si xajmi ah uga socotay 2013. Kordhinta wax soo saarka iyo hoos u dhaca wax soo saarka ee Lonmin ayaa Norilsk ka guuray afaraad ilaa saddexaad liiska ugu sarreeya ee soo saaraha platinum.
Norilsk Nickel, oo ah soo saaraha adduunka ugu weyn ee nickel iyo palladium , wuxuu soo saaraa macdano qaali ah oo platinum ah oo ka mid ah alaabooyinka miinada ee waqooyiga Ruushka iyo Botswana.
Shirkadda ayaa runtii qiimaha celceliska platinum ee US $ 1,388 per ounce in 2014.
Tilmaamaha Shirkadda: Norilsk Nickel
Shirkadda Shirkadda: www.nornik.ru/en
04 Lonmin plc - 436,000 oz
Sida laga soo xigtey shirkadda, Lonmin plc waxay lumisay 391,000 oo ounces oo platinum ah sababtoo ah shaqaalihii shaqaalaha Koonfur Afrika ee sannadkii 2014.
Wax soo saarku wuxuu hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba 40 intii u dhexeysay 2013-kii ilaa 436,000 oo wiqiyadoodii, shirkadduna waxay hoos u dhigtay hal meel oo ka mid ah saddexaad ilaa kii afaraad ee ugu waawayn soo saaraha
Hawlgabka Lonmin wuxuu daboolayaa 215,000 oo kiilomitir oo isku wareeg ah oo ku wareegsan Marikana. Siddeed miisaaniyeyaashu, nadiifiye, iyo mashiinka biraha ee saldhigga ah waxay u adeegaan miinada dhulka hoostiisa iyo kuwa madadaalada ah.
Shabakadda shirkadda: www.lonmin.com
05 Maadd-dhiska Stillwater - 285,000 oz
Shirkadda Stillwater Mining Company ayaa ah mida kaliya ee Maraykanka ku salaysan ee PGMs iyo wax soo saaraha ugu weyn ee ka baxsan Koonfurta Afrika iyo Ruushka.
Xaruntu waxay ku taalaa Billings, Mineswater waxay ku rideysaa platinum, palladium, iyo rodium laga bilaabo laba mitir oo ku yaala JM Reef ee koonfurta-bartamaha Montana.
Beerka laga soo saaro miinadu waxay udub dhexaad u tahay shaashadda shirkadda Columbus ka dibna waxa loo diraa Johnson Matthey si loogu shaqeeyo kama dambaysta.
Shirkaddu waxay sidoo kale dib u cusbooneysiinaysaa PGM-yada laga soo qaato kuwa wax lagu beddelayo iyo ilaha kale ee warshadaha. Sannadkii 2014, 57% platinum ee Stillwater ayaa laga soo saaray ilaha dib loo rogay.
Shabakadda Shirkadda: www.stillwatermining.com
06 Northam Platinum Ltd. - 241,000
Northam Platinum waxay ka shaqeysaa miinooyinka Zondereinde iyo Booysendal PGM iyo sidoo kale dhismo dhuxusha iyo nacaybka ku yaala Bushveld Complex ee Koonfur Afrika.
Inkastoo ay saameyn ku yeesheen falcelin xooggan sanadka 2014, Northam Platinum maaha mid saameyn ku yeeshay shaqo joojinta shan-bilood ee saamaysay Amplats iyo Implats. Dhab ahaantii, Northam Platinum waxay kor u kacday iibinta platinum laga bilaabo 212,000 oo ounces sannadka 2013 ilaa 241,000 oo ounces sannadka 2014.
Shirkadda PGM ee shirkada waxaa lagu cadeeyay Buundada Port Elizabeth, Koonfur Afrika iyo Hanau, Jarmalka, halka Northam Platinum ay mas'uul ka tahay iibinta platinum, palladium, rhodium, dahab , lacag , ruthenium iyo iridium .
Website-ka Shirkadda: http://www.northam.co.za/
Fiiro gaar ah: Nooca wax soo saarka ee ku saleysan iibka iibka halkii metar.
07 Aquarius Platinum - 184,150 oz
Aquarius Platinum waxay ka shaqeysaa miinooyinka Kroondal iyo minesaska Mimosa ee Bushveld Complex.
Mina Kroondal waa 50:50 pool waxaana lagu wadaagaa heshiis ay Aquarius la leedahay Amplats, halka miinada Mimosa uu yahay 50:50 oo wadaag ah oo la yiraah Implats.
Aquarius ayaa sidoo kale maamusha dhismaha Platinum Mile oo halkaas oo PGM laga soo saaro qulqulaha qulqulka ee platinum kala duwan iyo hawlaha macdanta chrome ee agagaarka Kroondal.
Fikradaha PGM waxaa lagu iibiyaa Rustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd. iyo Centametal AG (Switzerland) oo ku saabsan heshiisyada nolosha miino saarista ee wax lagu kariyo iyo dib-u-eegidda.
Shabakadda shirkadda: http://aquariusplatinum.com
Fiiro gaar ah: Lambarrada soosaarka oo ku saleysan wax soo saarka beeraha Kroondal iyo mooska Mimosa (boqolkiiba 50).
08 Vale SA - 182,000 oz
Wareegta birta ee reer Brazil ee Vale waxay u saareysaa platinum iyo palladium, iyo sidoo kale dahab, lacag, iyo caleenta , sida alaabooyinka ay ka soo iibsadeen Sudbury, Canada nickel.
Ka dib markii uu kor u kacay sideed boqolkiiba sannadkii 2013, waxsoosaarka platinum ee miinada ayaa kor u kacay 25 boqolkiiba sannadka 2014, laga bilaabo 145,000 oo ounces ilaa 182,000 oo ounces.
PGM iyo maaddooyinka qaaliga ah ee xoogga la saaro ayaa markii hore laga baaraandegaa xarun ku taala dekedda Port Colborne, Ontario, ka hor inta aan loo dirin warshadaynta Vale ee Acton, England, halkaas oo lagu baaraandegay alaab aad u sareeya.
Macluumaadka Shirkadda: Vale SA
Shabakadda Ganacsiga: http://www.vale.com/
09 Glencore plc - 91,000 oz
Glencore waxay kala saartaa platinum, palladium, iyo rhodium sida alaabta ay ka soo baxaan maadooyinka nickel sulfide ee baska Sudbury ee Canada, iyo sidoo kale miinooyinka Eland iyo Mototolo, kuwaas oo ku yaala bariga Bari ee Bushveld Complex.
Miinooyinka Eland iyo Mototolo ayaa la iibsaday iyadoo ay ka mid tahay shirkadda shirkadda Xstrata ee sannadka 2013. Mototolo macaash waa mashruuc wadajir ah oo leh Anglo Platinum.
91,000 oo wiqiyadood ah oo ka mid ah platinum ayaa waxaa lagu caddeeyey shirkadda sannadka 2014, boqolkiiba hal boqolkiiba sannadka 2013.
Website-ka: www.glencorexstrata.com
10 Asahi Holdings - 44,800 oz
Asahi Holdings waa shirkad Japanese ah oo dib u warshadayn qashinka ah oo soo ururisa, dib u soo celisa iyo dib u habaynaysa PGMs iyo biraha qaaliga ah.
Iyadoo lagu saleynayo qiimaha iibka platinum ee la soo sheegay 2014, waxaa lagu qiyaasey in shirkaddu ay ku dhowdahay qiyaastii 45,000 oo ounces sannadka 2014-ka. Tani waxay muujinaysaa kor u kaca 20 boqolkiiba sannadka 2013.
Shabakadda Shirkadda: www.asahiholdings.com
Fiiro gaar ah: Nooca wax soo saarka ee ku saleysan wadarta iibka platinum ee 2014 ayaa loo qaybiyaa qiimaha sicirka suuqa ee Platinum sanadka.
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