Hel macluumaad ku saabsan nalalka ugu caansan ee dhamaan walxaha birta iyo sida loo isticmaalo
Magnesium waa midka ugu yar ee dhammaan walxaha birta, waxaana ugu horeyn loo isticmaalaa alaabooyinka dhismaha madaama miisaankiisa, xoogga, iyo iska caabinta haragga .
Waxaa jira in ka badan 60 macdan oo kala duwan oo loo yaqaano magnesium content of 20% ama ka weyn, taas oo ka dhigaysa sideed macdan ee ugu miisaanka weyn ee qolka dhulka. Hase yeeshe, marka miisaanka biyaha lagu xisaabtamo, magnesium wuxuu noqonayaa midka ugu ballaaran ee dhulka dushiisa.
Taasi waa sababta macnaha weyn ee magnesium ee biyaha cusbada, taas oo celcelis ahaan ku jirta 1290 qaybood halkii milyan (ppm). Hase yeeshee, inkastoo ay tahay wax weyn, waxsoosaarka magnesium-ka ee adduunka ayaa kaliya ah 757,000 tan sanadkii.
Guryaha
- Calaamadda Atomiga: Mg
- Nidaamka Atomic: 12
- Qaybta Qalabka: Qalabka Alkaline
- Cufnaanta: 1.738 g / cm 3 (20 ° C)
- Dhibicda: 1202 ° F (650 ° C)
- Kuleylka: 1994 ° F (1090 ° C)
- Moh's Hardness: 2.5
Astaamaha
Sifooyinka Magnesium waxay la mid yihiin metalka walaasheed, aluminium . Ma aha oo kaliya cufnaanta ugu hooseysa ee dhammaan walxaha birta, taas oo ka dhigaysa midka ugu fudud, laakiin sidoo kale waa mid aad u xoog badan, aad u adkaysi u ah dusha sare iyo si fudud loo maareyn karo.
Taariikhda
Magnesium waxaa loo aqoonsaday in uu yahay alaabo gaar ah 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy, laakiin aan soo saarin foomka biraha ah illaa 1831 markii uu Antoine Bussy sameeyey magnesium intii lagu jiray tijaabin sheyga macruufka magnesium.
Soosaarka ganacsiga ee magnesium elekrium wuxuu ka bilowday Jarmalka 1886.
Wadanku waxa uu ahaa halbeegga kaliya ilaa 1916 markii dalab milateri ah ee dalxiis ee magniimyada (qoryaha iyo rasaasta) ay keeneen wax soo saarka Maraykanka, Great Britain, Faransiiska, Kanada, iyo Ruushka.
Waxsoosaarka magnesium-ka adduunka ayaa hoos u dhacay intii dagaalladu socotay, inkasta oo wax soo saarka Jarmalka uu sii waday taageerada ballaarinta milliteriga Nazi.
Soosaarka jarmalka ayaa kordhay ilaa 20,000 tan 1938, taasoo ka dhigan 60% wax soosaarka caalamka.
Si loo qaboojiyo, Mareykanka wuxuu taageeray 15 xarumood oo cusub oo magnesium, iyo 1943-dii, wuxuu awood u lahaa in ka badan 265,000 tan oo ah magnesium.
Kadib Dagaalkii Dunida II, wax soo saarka magnesium ayaa markale hoos u dhacay, iyada oo wax soo saarayaashu ay ku fashilmeen helitaanka habab dhaqaale oo lagu soo saaro biraha si ay u qiimeeyaan qiimaha aluminium.
Wax soo saarka
Iyada oo ku xiran meesha iyo nooca kheyraadka la isticmaalo, habab badan oo wax soosaar ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu nadiifiyo biraha magnesium.
Tani waxay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in magnesium ay aad u badan tahay, samaynta wax soo saarka meelo badan oo suurtagal ah, iyo in mashiinnada yar yar ee adeegsigooda dhammaadka ah ay yihiin qiimo sarreeya, si loogu dhiiri geliyo iibsadayaasha in ay si joogto ah u raadsadaan ilaha ugu hooseeya ee suurtogalka ah.
Caadi ahaan magnesium waxaa laga soo saaraa qasirada dolomite iyo magnesite, iyo sidoo kale magnesium chloride oo ku jirta bambooyinka cusbada (macdanta dabiiciga ah ee macdanta ah).
Araajida
Sababtoo ah waxa la mid ah aluminium, magnesium waxaa loo isticmaali karaa beddel badan oo badan, haddii aaney badinin, codsiyada aluminium. Magnesium weli waa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku xaddidan tahay kharashyada soo saarista, taasoo ka dhigaysa birta qiyaastii 20% ka qaalisan aluminium.
Sababtoo ah canshuuraha soo dejinta ee magnesium-ka soo-saarada Shiinaha, qiimaha magnesium-ka Mareykanka wuxuu ku dhawaad laba laabaa aluminium.
In ka badan kala badh magnesium waxaa lagu isticmaalaa aluminium leh aluminium, kuwaas oo lagu qiimeeyo xooggooda, iftiinkooda, iyo iska caabbinta barafka, waxaana loo adeegsadaa qaybaha baabuurta. Dhab ahaantii, shirkadaha baabuurta ee kala duwan waxay isticmaalaan alaabooyinka magnesium-aluminium (Mg-Al) si ay u soo saaraan gawaarida isduljuminta, tiirarka isdabajooga, qalabka taageerada, gawaarida qalabka, barayaasha iyo xarumaha gaaban ee manifold, qaybo badan oo kale. Qalabka Mg-Al waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu isticmaalo isgaadhsiinta iyo qalabka guryaha.
Xoogga sareeya iyo caabbinta dhoobada ayaa muhiim u ah alaabooyinka aerospace, iyo sidoo kale helikabtarka iyo gawaarida gaariga, kuwaas oo badidoodu ku tiirsan yihiin alaabooyinka magnesium.
Kaluumeysiyada beerta iyo cabitaanka ma laha shuruudo la mid ah cirbadaha aerospace, laakiin qadar yar oo magnesium ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa aluminium aluminium ah oo qaabeeya qasacadahaas.
Inkasta oo ayadoo la isticmaalayo qadar yar oo magnesium ah, canuggani wuxuu weli yahay adeegga ugu weyn ee biraha.
Waxyaabaha loo yaqaan "Magnesiumum" waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa warshado kale oo miisaankoodu yar yahay, sida silsiladaha iyo qaybaha mashiinka, iyo alaabada ciyaaraha sida fowadaha baseball iyo kalluumeysiga.
Kalidaa, magnesium birta waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida dooxada birta ah ee wax soo saarka birta iyo birta , sida deoxidis-yare ee hoos udhaca kulaylka titanium , zirconium, iyo hafnium , iyo sida nodularizer ee wax soo saarka birta dunta ah ee nodular.
Isticmaalka kale ee magnesium waa sida anode loogu talagalay difaaca cathodiiga ee taangiyada kaydka kiimikada, dhuumaha, iyo maraakiibta, iyo soo saarida bambooyin fara badan, bambooyin qarxa, iyo rashka.
Ilaha
Taariikhda weyn ee magnesium, fadlan arag Bob Brown's taariikhda Magnesium, oo laga heli karo Magnesium.com. http://www.magnesium.com
USGS. Soo koobista badeecooyinka macdanta: Magnesium (2011).
Isha: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/magnesium/
Association Magnesium International. www.intlmag.org