Qaado Qeexitaanka iyo Raadinta Xaqiiqda Wakhtiga Dib u celinta
Ereyga 'biraha qurxinta' waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo koox ka mid ah biraha biraha ah ee leh dhibco dhaadheer oo aad u sarreeya waxayna u adkeysanayaan inay xirtaan, dhoobaan , iyo isbeddel.
Isticmaalka warshadaha ee ereyga "iron" ayaa badanaa waxay tilmaamaysaa shan qaybood oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo:
- Molybdenum (Mo)
- Niobium (Nb)
- Rhenium (Re)
- Tantalum (Ta)
- Tungsten (W)
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sharaxyo ballaadhan ayaa sidoo kale ku daray maaddooyinka sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo:
- Chromium (Cr)
- Hafnium (Hf)
- Iridium (Ir)
- Osmium (Os)
- Rhodium (Rh)
- Ruthenium (Ru)
- Titanium (Ti)
- Vanadium (V)
- Zirkonium (Zr)
Astaamaha
Muujinta aqoonsiga ee biraha waxyeellada leh waa iska caabinta kulaylka. Shanta shay ee warshadaha nadiifka ah ayaa dhammaantood leh dhibco dhaadheer oo ah 3632 ° F (2000 ° C).
Awoodda biraha kuleylka ah ee heerkulku sarreeyo, marka la isku daro adag tahay, waxay ka dhigtaa mid ku habboon goynta iyo qodidda qalabka.
Maaddooyinka dhuxusha ayaa sidoo kale aad u adkaysi u ah kuleylka kuleylka, taasoo macnaheedu yahay in kulaylinta iyo qaboojinta soo noqnoqoshadu aanay si fudud u keenin ballaarin, culays, iyo dillaac.
Dhuxulada oo dhan waxay leeyihiin cufnaanta sare (way culus yihiin) iyo sidoo kale qalabka korontada iyo kuleylka wanaagsan.
Qalabka kale ee muhiimka ah waa cilad-darradu ay u tahay cufnaanta, ujeedka birta si hoos loogu dhigo saameynta diiqada.
Iyada oo ay ku xiran tahay karti ay ku sameysan karaan lakab ilaalin, maadooyinka ka baxsan ayaa sidoo kale u adkeysan kara dusha sare, inkastoo ay si sahlan u oksidise heerkulka sare.
Metalsurgyada iyo Metallurgyada budada ah
Iyadoo ay sabab u yihiin dhibcaha baaxada sare iyo adagaanta, biraha dhuxusha waxaa inta badan lagu baari karaa qaabka budada oo aan marnaba been abuurin.
Noocyada biraha waxaa loo soo saaraa qiyaaso iyo qaabab gaar ah, ka dibna isku dhafan si loo abuuro isku dhafka saxda ah ee guryaha, ka hor inta aan la isku dhejin iyo sintered.
Sintering waxaa ka mid ah kuleylka birta ah ee kululaynta (gudaha caaga) muddo dheer. Heer kulka, qaybaha budada waxay bilaabaan inay isku xiraan, sameystaan qayb adag.
Sintering waxay ku xiran kartaa biraha dhuxusha heerkulka ka hooseeya dhibicda ay dhalaalayaan, faa'iido weyn markaad la shaqaynayso biraha dhuxusha.
Maydhayaasha Carbide
Mid ka mid ah isticmaalka ugu horreeya ee biraha badan ee macdanta dabiiciga ah ayaa kacay intii ka horreysay qarnigii 20aad iyadoo la horumarinayo xayawaannada cemented.
Widia , waa markii ugu horeysay oo lagu iibiyo tungsten carbide, waxaa soo saaray shirkadda Osram Company (Jarmalka) waxayna soo iibsadey 1926. Tani waxay keentay in imtixaan dheeri ah ay la mid noqoto isla markaana u isticmaasho biraha daawada u adkaysta, ugu dambeyntii waxay horseedday horumarinta carbide casri ah.
Waxyaabaha alaabooyinka xashi-xayawaanka ah ayaa badanaa ka faa'iideystaan isku dhafka noocyada kala duwan ee budada. Nidaamkan isku dhafan wuxuu u oggolaanayaa hirgelinta suuqyada faa'iido leh ee ka yimaada biraha kala duwan, taas oo keenaysa in ay soo saaraan alaab ka sareeya waxa abuuri karo biraha shakhsiga ah. Tusaale ahaan, budada asalka ah ee Widia waxay ka kooban tahay 5-15% kobalt.
Fiiro gaar ah: Fiiri waxyaabo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan guryaha biraha waxtarka leh ee miiska saaran hoosta bogga
Araajida
Dhammaan warshadaha dhaadheer iyo qashin-qubka ayaa loo adeegsadaa dhammaan warshadaha waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan elektarooniga, aerospace, baabuurta, kiimikada, macdanta, teknoolajiyada nukliyeerka, farsamooyinka birta, iyo naqshadaynta.
Liiska soo socda ee isticmaalka dhamaadka-isticmaalka biraha wax lagu qurxiyo waxaa isku habeeyey Ururka Metaphs Metals Association:
Tungsten Metal
- Laydhka, dhejiska, iyo fiilooyinka baabuurta
- Anodyada iyo bartilmaameedyada dhejiska raajada
- Taageerada semiconductor
- Electrodes for alxanka qashinka gaaska
- Koodhka sareeya
- Electrodes for xenon waa nalal
- Gaadiidka dab-demiska
- Noocyo jilicsan
- Tuubooyinka elektarooniga ah
- Cuntooyinka wax lagu sameeyo Uranium
- Walxaha kulaylka iyo gaashaanka shucaaca
- Qaybaha alaabooyinka ee ku jira birta iyo sheyga
- Dib-u-dhiska ku jira qalabka birta ah ee matrix-matrix
- Mucjisooyinka kiimikooyinka iyo kiimikada hawada
- Lubricants
Molybdenum
- Qodobada alaabooyinka ee dhirta, birta, birta aan dhaqdhaqaaqa lahayn, biraha qalabyada iyo nickel-base superalloys
- Maqnaanshaha sarreeya ee makiinada dhejinta
- Raadi maaddooyin
- Dhallinyaro ayaa dhimata
- Qaybaha mashiinka farsamada iyo rakaabka
- Electrodes iyo ulaha walxaha wax lagu soo saaro
- Farsamooyinka kulayliyaha foornada korontada, doonyaha, gabbaadyada kulaylka, iyo qiiqa
- Bambooyin nadiifin ah oo jajab ah, jilbaha, bakhtiiyaha, kiciyeyaasha iyo ceelasha kuleylka ah
- Wax soosaarka maqaarka ee nuclear reactor
- Bedelida electrodes
- Taageerada iyo taageerida qalinjabinta & hagaajiyayaasha
- Fiilooyinka iyo fiilooyinka taageerada iftiinka baabuurta
- Qalabka tubaakada
- Gawaarida rooga, kooniska, iyo gabbaadyada kulaylka
- Qaybaha milmiga ah
- Superconductors
- Qalabka kiimikada
- Guluubka kuleylka kuleylka kuleylka kuleylka leh
- Qodobada wax lagu sifeeyo ee alaabooyinka fiyuusiga ah iyo qaboojiyeyaasha
Tungsten Carbide
- Tungsten Carbide
- Qalabka gawaarida ee mashiinka birta
- Qalabka tamarta nukliyeerka
- Qalabka saliidda iyo batroolka
- Abuurista ayaa dhimata
- Duubka birta ah
- Hagayaasha mashiinka
Tungsten Heavy Metal
- Bushings
- Kuraasta Valve
- Boodhadhka lagu yareeyo walxaha adag iyo walxaha qarxa
- Dhibcaha dhibicda dhibcaha
- Dhaqdhaqaaqa dabka iyo mashiinka
- Dhuxul culus
- Gacmaha shucaaca
- Gacan-celinta diyaaradaha
- Isku daygaaga isdaba-joogga ah
- Qalabka balaarinta kamaradaha diyaaradaha
- Diyaar garowshaha miisaanka miisaanka qiyaasta miyir-beelka
- Goobaha miisaanka culeyska naadiyada
- Meydadka jaangooyooyinka
- Fiyuusyada silsiladda
- Suuxinta qoyaanka
- Ordnance militari
- Meelaha shotgun
Tantalum
- Fududeeyayaasha korontada
- Is-beddelka kuleyliyaha
- Bayonet kuleyliyaha
- Ceelaha kulaylka
- Fiilooyinka tubaakada tubaakada
- Qalabka kiimikada
- Qaybaha kuleylka kuleylka leh
- Qalab lagu xakameyn karo birta iyo alaabooyinka birta ah
- Qalabka gaaban
- Qeybaha maareynta awooda isboortiga
- Qalitaanada qalliinka
- Qodobka miisaaniyada ee adduunka
Qaybaha Jirka ee Dhuxusha
| Nooca | Unug | Mo | Ta | Nb | W | Rh | Zr |
| Nadaafad ganacsi oo caadi ah | 99.95% | 99.9% | 99.9% | 99.95% | 99.0% | 99.0% | |
| Cufnaanta | cm / cc | 10.22 | 16.6 | 8.57 | 19.3 | 21.03 | 6.53 |
| lbs / 2 | 0.369 | 0.60 | 0.310 | 0.697 | 0.760 | 0.236 | |
| Dhibicda Biyaha | Celcius | 2623 | 3017 | 2477 | 3422 | 3180 | 1852 |
| ° F | 4753.4 | 5463 | 5463 | 6191.6 | 5756 | 3370 | |
| Boiling Point | Celcius | 4612 | 5425 | 4744 | 5644 | 5627 | 4377 |
| ° F | 8355 | 9797 | 8571 | 10,211 | 10,160.6 | 7911 | |
| Hardness caadiga ah | DPH (vickers) | 230 | 200 | 130 | 310 | - | 150 |
| Dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka (@ 20 ° C) | cal / cm 2 / cm ° C / sec | - | 0.13 | 0.126 | 0.397 | 0.17 | - |
| Coefficient of Expansion Thermal | ° C x 10 -6 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 6.6 | - |
| Iskudarida Korantada | Micro-ohm-cm | 5.7 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 5.5 | 19.1 | 40 |
| Dhaqdhaqaaqa korantada | % IACS | 34 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 31 | 9.3 | - |
| Xoogga Tani (KSI) | Aaladda | 120-200 | 35-70 | 30-50 | 100-500 | 200 | - |
| 500 ° C | 35-85 | 25-45 | 20-40 | 100-300 | 134 | - | |
| 1000 ° C | 20-30 | 13-17 | 5-15 | 50-75 | 68 | - | |
| Fuulida ugu yar (1-inch in size) | Aaladda | 45 | 27 | 15 | 59 | 67 | - |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 500 ° C | 41 | 25 | 13 | 55 | 55 | |
| 1000 ° C | 39 | 22 | 11.5 | 50 | - | - |
Waxaa laga soo xigtay: http://www.edfagan.com