Tobanka ugu sarreeya ee soo saaraha palladium
In kastoo wadarta kororka palladium ee saldhigeedu yahay qiyaastii 6.54 milyan oo ounces sannadkii 2012, baahida rikoodhka ah ee autocatalysts palladium iyo baahida maalgashiga oo kordhay ayaa suuqyada u riixay inay hoos u dhacdo sanadka.
Sanadkii 2012-kii, guud ahaan tiknoolajiyada caalamiga ah ayaa hoos u dhacay 11 boqolkiiba heerka ugu hooseeya tan iyo 2002. Waxay qayb ahaan sabab u ahayd seddex boqolkiiba hoos u dhaca soo-saarka Ruushka sababtoo ah hoos-u-dhaca dalagga iyo hoos-u-dhaca 9% joojinta.
Qiimaynta wax soo saarka ee hoos ku qoran ayaa laga soo ururiyey warbixinnada sanadlaha ah ee shirkadda oo laga heli karo website-yadaha wax soosaarsanaya (oo ku saleysan lambarrada wax-soo-saarka ee sannadka 2012). Lambarrada wax soo saarka platinum ee shirkad kasta waxaa laga heli karaa magaca shirkadda.
01 Norilsk Nickel - 2,731,000 ozs
MMC Norilsk Nickel ("Norilsk") waa sheyga ugu weyn ee nickel (xisaabinta 17 boqolkiiba wax soo saarka caalamiga ah) iyo palladium (41 boqolkiiba), iyo tobankii ugu sarreeyay ee copper . Shirkadda ayaa ka dhigaysa macdanta qaaliga ah ee platinum ah sida macdanta miinooyinka laga soo saaro maraakiibta Taimyr iyo Kola Peninsulas (labadaba Ruushka) iyo sidoo kale miinooyinka Botswana iyo Koonfur Afrika. Norilsk, oo ah shirkadda ugu weyn ee macdanta ee Ruushka, ayaa sidoo kale soo saartaa oo kobciyaa kobaltada , dahabka , dahabka, sayuriyoonka , iyo selenium sida alaabada.
Tilmaamaha Shirkadda: Norilsk Nickel
Shabakadda Ganacsiga: Norilsk Nickel
02 Anglo Platinum - 1,395,000 ozs
Hantida Anglo American Platinum Limited (Amplats) waxay ka kooban tahay 11 miino oo la maareynayay, iyo sidoo kale dhowr miinooyin oo wadajir ah iyo miinooyin la wadaago dhamaan Koonfur Afrika iyo Zimbabwe. Inta badan roogga miinooyinka kuwan waxaa lagu baari doonaa mid ka mid ah Amplats 14 gaar ah oo la yiraahdo ka hor intaan lagu dhufanin mid ka mid ah saddexda shirkadood ee shirkadda South Africa. Inkasta oo wax-soo-saarka guud ee saliidda la isku qurxiyo uu hoos uga dhacay min 1.43 milyan sannadkii 2011-kii illaa 1.395 milyan oo ounces sannadkii 2012-kii, Amplats ayaa weli ah soo saaraha labaad ee dunida ugu weyn ee birta.
Macluumaadka Shirkadda: Anglo American plc
Shabakadda Shirkadda: Anglo American
03 Impala Platinum - 1,020,000 ozs
Hawlgabka Impala Platinum (Implats) ayaa diiradda saaraya hareeraha Bushveld ee Koonfur Afrika iyo Great Dyke ee Zimbabwe. Qaybta hawlgalka aasaasiga ah ee shirkadu waxay ku taallaa dhinaca galbeed ee Dhismaha Dhowr ee magaalada Rustenburg. Implats ayaa sidoo kale leh 73% saamiga Marula ee dhinaca barafka. Zimbabwe, shirkadu wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa Zimplats waana uu xiiso u leeyahay Mimosa Platinum.
Adeegyada "Impala Refining Services (IRS)" waxay nadiifinaysaa biraha ka yimaada shirkadda gaarka ah ee shirkadda iyo walxaha laga iibsado shirkadaha saddexaad.
Macluumaadka Shirkadda: Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd.
Shabakadda Shirkadda: Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd.
04 Lonmin PLC - 331,000 ozs
Lonmin waxaa markii hore lagu darey shirkad London iyo Rhodeian Mining iyo Land Company Ltd. (Lonrho) sannadkii 1909. Hawlgallada aasaasiga ah ee shirkadda - macaashka Marikana - wuxuu ku yaalaa barxada galbeedka ee Bushveld. Ore oo laga soo saaro Lonmin ayaa loo diraa qaybta nidaamka Lonmin, halkaas oo biraha metelka ah, oo ay ku jiraan copper iyo nickel, laga soo saaro ka hor inta aan loo nadiifin tan birta iyadoo la raacayo biraha kale ee platinum kooxeed, palladium, rhodium , ruthenium iyo iridium .
Shirkadda shirkadda: Lonmin PLC
05 Maadd-dhiska Stillwater - 258,000 ozs
Shirkadda Stillwater Mining Company ayaa ah mid ka mid ah laba ka mid ah soo saarayaasha maraakiibta ee ugu waawayn dunida. Hantida ugu weyn ee shirkadu waxay ku taalaa 28 mitir milix oo ah JM Reef oo ku taal Montana, taas oo ka kooban maaddada palladium, platinum iyo qadar yar oo rode. Shirkadda Stillwater Mining Company waxay ka shaqaysaa laba miino oo dhulka hoostiisa ah - East Boulder iyo Stillwater - oo ku yaalla JM Reef. Mawduucyada ka soo jeeda goobaha miinada, oo ay weheliso qalabka wax lagu jajabiyey ee dib u warshadaynta, ayaa laga baaraandegaa shirkadda shirkadda Columbus, Montana.
Shabakadda Shirkadda: Maareynta Weli Biyaha
06 Vale SA - 251,000 ozs
Vale SA waa shirkadda labaad ee ugu wayn ee macdanta ugu weyn dunida, oo ah soo saaraha wax soo saarka macdanta birta iyo miskaha iyo nikelka labaad ee ugu weyn dunida. Meelo badan oo nikkel ah waxaa ku jira PGMs, Vale waxay soo saari kartaa palladium iyada oo loo adeegsanayo hab-raaca nikelinta nickel. Shirkadu waxay qaadataa PGM oo ka mid ah saldhigeeda Sudbury, hawlaha Canada ee xarun wax lagu sameeyo ee ku yaala Port Colborne, Ontaariyo, oo soo saarta PGMs, dahab, iyo badeecado dhexdhexaad ah. Kuwaas oo ay weheliyaan qalabka dib loo cusboneysiin karo iyo qashinka lagu daweeyo ee ka socda dhinacyada aan la socon, ayaa loo diraa warshadaynta Vale ee Acton, England, halkaas oo lagu baaraandego alaabada nadiifka ah.
Macluumaadka Shirkadda: Vale SA
Shabakadda Shirkadda: Vale SA
07 Aquarius Platinum - 238,000 ozs
Aquarius Platinum Ltd. wuxuu leeyahay waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin todoba guri oo ku yaal Koonfur Afrika iyo Zimbabwe, kuwaas oo labo ka mid ah ay hadda soo saareen. Minaaradaha Kroondal iyo Mimosa waxay yihiin, siday u kala horreeyaan, oo ku yaala Bushveld Complex (Koonfur Afrika) iyo Great Dyke (Zimbabwe). Ore waxaa loo diraa laba dhirta maaddada dhirta mooraalka ah ee ku yaala guriga, kuwaas oo leh isugeyn bil walba ah oo ah 570,000 tan. Aquarius ayaa sidoo kale leh 91.7% saamiga Platinum Mile, oo ah xarun dib u gurasho ah oo ku taal Amplats Rustenburg Mine halkaas oo qashin qubka la baari karo oo xoogaysan karo.
Websiteka shirkadda: Aquarius Platinum
08 North American Palladium - 163,000 ozs
North American Palladium, oo ay weheliso Minewater Mining, ayaa ah kuwa ugu horreeya ee soo saarayaasha wax soo saarka ee Palladium. Shirkadda ayaa ka hawl gasha madaarka Lac des Iles (LDI), oo ku taal waqooyiga Ontaariyo, oo bilaabmay wax soo saarka 1993. Miinada LDI-da hadda waxa lagu wadaa ballaarinta North American Palladium oo lagu beegsanayo heerka wax soo saarka 250,000 oo ounces of palladium sanadkiiba marka la dhammeeyo.
Websaytka shirkadda: North Aquarium Palladium
09 Northam - 96,000 ozs
Northam waa soo saaraha istiraatiijiga ah ee PGM iyada oo hawlgalladuna diiradda saarayaan dhismaha Bushveld Complex ee Koonfurta Afrika. Xarunta aasaasiga ah ee shirkadu waa mulkiilaha platinum platinum iyo maaddada dhuxusha, taas oo ku dhawaad 300,000 oz oo ah nafaqada PGM sannadkiiba. Booysendal, Northam's second mine, wuxuu ku yaal dhismo heer sare ah waxana la rajeynayaa inuu soo saaro 160,000 oz oo dheeraad ah oo ku jira PGMs marka ay si buuxda u shaqeyso. Nidaaminta miisaaniyadda loogu talagalay fayo-qabka PGM wuxuu ku dhacayaa qandaraas la leh WC Heraeus (Jarmalka) waxaana la siiyaa toddobaadle ah xaruntii Heraeus 'Hanau oo ah platinum, palladium, rhodium, dahab, lacag, ruthenium iyo iridium dhammaantood waa kala tagaan. La shaqeynta Heraeus, Northam ayaa sidoo kale nadiifinaysa suuqyada PGM laga soo saaro Platmin ee Pilanesberg Mine.
Shabakadda Shirkadda: Northam
10 Xstrata - 43,000 ozs
Ka hor inta aysan la midoobin Glencore si ay u noqoto GlencoreXstrata 2013, Ganacsiga PGM ee kuyaala Xstrata wuxuu ku salaysan yahay laba miino oo PGM ah oo ku yaalla Koonfur Afrika iyo wax soo saarka wax soo saarka ka soo baxa hawlaha nickel ee Canada. Miinooyinka Eland iyo Mototolo - oo ah kii ugu danbeeyay ee isgaadhsiinta Anglo Platinum - waxay ku yaalaan Bariga Bari ee Bushveld Complex. Motolo waxay tirisay 60,000 ozs oo ka mid ah waxsoosaarka platinum ee lagu naqshadeeyey sanadka 2012-ka, halka ay dhawaan soo saartay labo shandad oo Eland ah oo soo saarey wax soo saarka. Kuwani waxaa loogu talagalay inay gaaraan heer buuxa oo buuxa sanadka 2018. Xstrata waxay sidoo kale ka qaadaysaa PGMs ka soo maadooyinka nikkel sulfide ee Sudbury Basin, Kanada.
Shabakadda Shirkadda: Xstrata
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