Ereyga "hydrolysis" wuxuu ka yimaadaa ereyga hydro, kaas oo ah Giriig loogu talagalay biyaha, iyo lysis, taas oo macneheedu yahay "in la furo." Marka la eego ficil ahaan, hydrolysis micnaheedu waa ficilka kala soocida kiimikada marka biyaha lagu daro.
Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo kala duwan oo hidrolisis ah: cusbada, acid, iyo hiddo-galka aasaasiga ah.
Hydrolysis ayaa sidoo kale loo maleyn karaa inay tahay fal-dambiyeed soo-jeeda oo ka soo horjeeda gogol-xoqidda, taas oo ah geeddi-socodka laba-labbo oo isku-dhafan si loo sameeyo hal molecule weyn. Natiijada ugu dambeysa ee fal-celintaasi waxay tahay in maaddooyinka waaweyni ay ka yareeyaan molecule biyaha. Waxaad mar walba xasuusnaan doontaa farqiga u dhexeeya labadaba haddii aad ka fekereyso macnaha guud ee hidrolisisku u isticmaalo biyo si uu u jajabiyo wax yar kolka ay ka soo baxaan shimbiraha, dhinaca kale, waxay koraan wax, adoo saaraya biyaha.
3 Noocyada Guud ee Hydrolysis
- Saltamyada: Hydrolysis waxay dhacdaa marka milix laga soo bilaabo saldhig daciif ah ama asiidh lagu buufiyo dareeraha. Marka tani dhacdo, biyaha ayaa si isdaba-joog ah u ionizes astaamaha hydroxide iyo qudaarta hydronium. Tani waa nooca ugu caansan ee hidrolisyada.
- Acid: Biyaha waxay u dhaqmi karaan sida asiidh ama saldhig, sida uu qabo aragtida Bronsted-Lowry acid. Xaaladdan, maaddada biyaha ayaa bixisa proton. Waxaa laga yaabaa in tusaalihii ugu da'da badnaa ee ganacsi ahaan loo isticmaalo noocyadan hidrolisisku yahay saabuuni, samaynta saabuun.
- Saldhig: Dareen-celintan waxay aad ugu egtahay qashin-qubka si loo kala saaro. Mar labaad, qoraal ficil ah, saldhig inta badan ka baxa biyaha waa ammonia.
Waa maxay jawaab-celinta hidroliska?
Xakamaynta hidroliska ee ku lug leh xiriirka aaladda, sida kuwa laga helo laba amino acids ee borotiin ah, alaabooyinka natiijada ka mid ah mid ka mid ah qaata kooxda hydroxyl (OH) oo ka samaysan matoorka biyaha iyo mid kale oo noqonaya karboksylic acid oo lagu daray difaaca haray (H +).
Falcelinta Hydrolysis Reaction Nadaamka Noolaha
Dareen-celinta hydrolysis ee noolaha noolasha waxaa lagu sameeyaa caawinta catalysis ee fasal of enzymes loo yaqaano hidroliska. Dareen-celinnada biyobixinta ee burburiya polymers, sida borotiinka (oo ah cirbadaha peptide ee u dhexeeya amino acids), nucleotides, sonkorta isku dhafan iyo istaarijiyo, iyo dufanka ayaa kashaqaynaya fasalkaan ee enzymes. Fasalka gudahiisa waa lipases, amylases, borootiinada dufanada tamarta, sonkorta, iyo borotiinka, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Bakteeriyaasha iyo fungi-ka ayaa kaalin gaar ah ka ciyaara wax soo saarka iyo waraaqaha kale ee maalinlaha ah ee biyotechnology sababtoo ah waxay leeyihiin enzymes (sida cellulases iyo esterases) taas oo jebin kara cellulose galay polysaccharides (ie, polymers of sonkorta sonkorta) ama glucose, iyo burburinta dhejiska.
Tusaale ahaan, Proteinase waxaa lagu daraa soo saarida unugyada, si loo kobciyo peptides iyo soo saaro isku dar ah asiidhyo amino oo bilaash ah.