Sababta Sababta Dambiyada Musiibadu Mar walba Marna Aysan Ahayn Caddeyn Fiican oo Caafimaad Dhaqaale
Sicir bararku waa sicirka qiimaha badeecadaha iyo adeegyadda mudada dheer.
Sicir-bararka waxay saameyn ku yeelataa noloshaada adoo yareynaya awoodaada wax iibsiga. Waa cabbiraad murugo leh, maxaa yeelay waxay kordhineysaa qiimaha noolasha . Waqti ka dib, wuxuu yareynayaa heerka noloshaada . Taasi waa sababta Madaxweynaha Reagan uu yiri, "Sicirku waa sida rabshadaha sida boodhka, sida cabsida sida hubaysan hubaysan, iyo sida dilaaga ah sida nin la garaaco."
Marka loo eego wejiyada wareegga ganacsiga, shaqa la'aanta waxay calaamad u tahay foosha . Sicir bararka ayaa muujinaya in wajiga ballaarinta uu abuurayo xumbo. Calaamadaha murugada waa in ay muujiyaan marka dhaqaalaha uu yahay mid tartiib tartiib ah ama aad u dhakhso badan.
Heerka Maskaxda ee Dhaqaalaha Caafimaadka
Dhaqaale caafimaad leh ayaa soo saari doona calaamado murugo leh inta u dhexeysa 6-7 boqolkiiba. Heerka ugu fiican ee koritaanka waa 2-3 boqolkiiba. Si loo gaaro, loo-shaqeeyayaashu waxay u baahan yihiin inay helaan shaqaale wanaagsan. Waxay u baahan yihiin inay arkaan shaqa la'aanta caadiga ah ee shaqo la'aanta 4-5 boqolkiiba. Marka heerku ka hooseeyo tan, shirkadaha ma heli karaan shaqaale wanaagsan oo ku filan si ay u kordhiyaan wax soo saarka.
Natiijo ahaan, korriiddu way sii yaraanaysaa.
Dhaqaalaha caafimaadka leh wuxuu kaloo u baahan yahay sicir-bararka qaar. Kaydka Federaalka wuxuu ujeedkiisu yahay sicir bararka bartilmaameedka boqolkiiba 2 sanadka oo dhan. Fedaraalka ayaa isticmaala sicir bararka asaasiga ah kaas oo saaraya qiimaha tamarta iyo cuntada . Siciradaasi waa kuwo aan cakirneyn , oo ay ugu mahadcelinayaan ganacsiga maalinlaha ah ee badeecadaha badeecadaha .
Heerka murugada ee u dhexeeya 6-7 boqolkiiba wuxuu muujinayaa dhaqaalaha Goldilocks, heerarka caafimaad ee sicir bararka iyo shaqo la'aanta.
Taariikhda Musiibada Taariikhda Sanadka
Dhaqaaleyahan Arthur Okun wuxuu abuuray dareenka murugada 1970-yadii. Waxa uu doonayay in uu sharaxo saameynta isku-dhafan ee shaqo la'aanta badan iyo sicir-bararka oo aad u sarreeya wakhtigaas. Okun sidoo kale wuxuu abuuray Sharciga Okunka. Waxay sheegaysaa in boqolkiiba boqol kasta oo shaqo la'aanta ay hoos u dhacdo, waxsoosaarka dhabta ah ee qaranka ayaa kor u kacaya 3 boqolkiiba. Waxay ku qeexday dhaqaalaha udhaxeeya dagaalkii labaad ee dunida iyo 1960kii.
Heerka murugada ayaa ka sarreeyay 20 boqolkiiba inta lagu guda jiray Dhibaatada Ba'an ee weyn sababtoo ah heerka shaqo la'aanta ayaa aad u sarreeysay. Sannadkii 1944, dardar-darrada ayaa dhaaftay boqolkiiba 20 sababtoo ah sicir barar aad u sarreeya. Waxay ku dhawaad 20 boqolkiiba 1979 iyo 1980 ayadoo ay sababtay sicir barar .
Tan iyo 1981, tirakoobku ma dhaafin 15 boqolkiiba. Taasi waa sababta oo ah Fed wuxuu noqday mid aad u wanaagsan oo lagu xakameynayo sicir-bararka . Saraakiisha la doortay waxay fuliyaan siyaasad maaliyadeed oo ballaaran si loo xakameeyo shaqo la'aanta. Nasiib darro, waxay sameeyeen khasaare ballaaran oo miisaaniyadeed si ay sidaa u sameeyaan. Madaxda ugu weyn ee madaxweynaha ayaa tan iyo sannadkii 1980-kii.
| Sannad | Index Indha-Cadde | Shaqo la'aanta | Sicir bararka |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 3.8% | 3.2% | 0.6% |
| 1930 | 2.3% | 8.7% | -6.4% |
| 1931 | 6.6% | 15.9% | -9.3% |
| 1932 | 13.3% | 23.6% | -10.3% |
| 1933 | 25.7% | 24.9% | 0.8% |
| 1934 | 23.2% | 21.7% | 1.5% |
| 1935 | 23.1% | 20.1% | 3.0% |
| 1936 | 18.3% | 16.9% | 1.4% |
| 1937 | 17.2% | 14.3% | 2.9% |
| 1938 | 16.2% | 19.0% | -2.8% |
| 1939 | 17.2% | 17.2% | 0.0% |
| 1940 | 15.3% | 14.6% | 0.7% |
| 1941 | 19.8% | 9.9% | 9.9% |
| 1942 | 13.7% | 4.7% | 9.0% |
| 1943 | 4.9% | 1.9% | 3.0% |
| 1944 | 3.5% | 1.2% | 2.3% |
| 1945 | 4.1% | 1.9% | 2.2% |
| 1946 | 22.0% | 3.9% | 18.1% |
| 1947 | 12.7% | 3.9% | 8.8% |
| 1948 | 7.0% | 4.0% | 3.0% |
| 1949 | 4.5% | 6.6% | -2.1% |
| 1950 | 10.2% | 4.3% | 5.9% |
| 1951 | 9.1% | 3.1% | 6.0% |
| 1952 | 3.5% | 2.7% | 0.8% |
| 1953 | 5.2% | 4.5% | 0.7% |
| 1954 | 4.3% | 5.0% | -0.7% |
| 1955 | 4.6% | 4.2% | 0.4% |
| 1956 | 7.2% | 4.2% | 3.0% |
| 1957 | 8.1% | 5.2% | 2.9% |
| 1958 | 8.0% | 6.2% | 1.8% |
| 1959 | 7.0% | 5.3% | 1.7% |
| 1960 | 8.0% | 6.6% | 1.4% |
| 1961 | 6.7% | 6.0% | 0.7% |
| 1962 | 6.8% | 5.5% | 1.3% |
| 1963 | 7.1% | 5.5% | 1.6% |
| 1964 | 6.0% | 5.0% | 1.0% |
| 1965 | 5.9% | 4.0% | 1.9% |
| 1966 | 7.3% | 3.8% | 3.5% |
| 1967 | 6.8% | 3.8% | 3.0% |
| 1968 | 8.1% | 3.4% | 4.7% |
| 1969 | 9.7% | 3.5% | 6.2% |
| 1970 | 11.7% | 6.1% | 5.6% |
| 1971 | 9.3% | 6.0% | 3.3% |
| 1972 | 8.6% | 5.2% | 3.4% |
| 1973 | 13.6% | 4.9% | 8.7% |
| 1974 | 19.5% | 7.2% | 12.3% |
| 1975 | 15.1% | 8.2% | 6.9% |
| 1976 | 12.7% | 7.8% | 4.9% |
| 1977 | 13.1% | 6.4% | 6.7% |
| 1978 | 15.0% | 6.0% | 9.0% |
| 1979 | 19.3% | 6.0% | 13.3% |
| 1980 | 19.7% | 7.2% | 12.5% |
| 1981 | 17.4% | 8.5% | 8.9% |
| 1982 | 14.6% | 10.8% | 3.8% |
| 1983 | 12.1% | 8.3% | 3.8% |
| 1984 | 11.2% | 7.3% | 3.9% |
| 1985 | 10.8% | 7.0% | 3.8% |
| 1986 | 7.7% | 6.6% | 1.1% |
| 1987 | 10.1% | 5.7% | 4.4% |
| 1988 | 9.7% | 5.3% | 4.4% |
| 1989 | 10.0% | 5.4% | 4.6% |
| 1990 | 12.4% | 6.3% | 6.1% |
| 1991 | 10.4% | 7.3% | 3.1% |
| 1992 | 10.3% | 7.4% | 2.9% |
| 1993 | 9.2% | 6.5% | 2.7% |
| 1994 | 8.2% | 5.5% | 2.7% |
| 1995 | 8.1% | 5.6% | 2.5% |
| 1996 | 8.7% | 5.4% | 3.3% |
| 1997 | 6.4% | 4.7% | 1.7% |
| 1998 | 6.0% | 4.4% | 1.6% |
| 1999 | 6.7% | 4.0% | 2.7% |
| 2000 | 7.3% | 3.9% | 3.4% |
| 2001 | 7.3% | 5.7% | 1.6% |
| 2002 | 8.4% | 6.0% | 2.4% |
| 2003 | 7.6% | 5.7% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 8.7% | 5.4% | 3.3% |
| 2005 | 8.3% | 4.9% | 3.4% |
| 2006 | 6.9% | 4.4% | 2.5% |
| 2007 | 9.1% | 5.0% | 4.1% |
| 2008 | 7.4% | 7.3% | 0.1% |
| 2009 | 12.6% | 9.9% | 2.7% |
| 2010 | 10.8% | 9.3% | 1.5% |
| 2011 | 11.5% | 8.5% | 3.0% |
| 2012 | 9.6% | 7.9% | 1.7% |
| 2013 | 8.2% | 6.7% | 1.5% |
| 2014 | 6.4% | 5.6% | 0.8% |
| 2015 | 5.7% | 5.0% | 0.7% |
| 2016 | 6.8% | 4.7% | 2.1% |
| 2017 | 6.2% | 4.1% | 2.1% |
Fiiro gaar ah: Dhammaan tirakoobyadu waa sida Diseembar ee sannadkaas. Heerka sicir bararku waa sicir-bar-sannadeedka qiimaha adeegga ee sannadka oo dhan. Macluumaadku wuxuu ka yimid Heerarka Sicirka Sicirada iyo Heerka Shaqo ee Sannadka .
Index of Miseries by Madaxweynaha
Madaxwaynaha Hoover wuxuu lahaa waxqabadka ugu xun sida ay muujinayso jadwalka murugada. Madaxweyne Roosevelt wuxuu lahaa qaabka ugu wanaagsan. Labaduba waxay la tacaaleen Diiqadda Weyn. Madaxweynayaasha dimoqraadiyadu waxay ku fiicanyihiin yaraynta shaqo la'aanta, halka madaxweynayaasha Jamhuuriga ahi xoogga saaraan sidii loo dejin lahaa sicir bararka.
Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) Heerarka murugada ayaa ka kacay min 3.8% ilaa 13.35 sababtoo ah shilalka suuqyada ee 1929, hirgelinta suuqyada Smoot-Hawley , iyo Abaarta Duste. Hoover wax caawimaad ah laguma caawino iyada oo kor loo qaado cashuuraha.
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) Heerka murugada ayaa ka dhacay min 25.7 boqolkiiba ilaa 3.5 boqolkiiba.
Heshiiska Cusub ee FDR , dhammaadka Duufaanta Duufaanta, iyo billowgii Dagaalkii Dunida II ayaa joojiyay niyadjabka. 1944, heshiiskii Bretton Woods ayaa la saxiixay. Waxay bedeshay heerka dahabka ee doolarka Maraykanka. saameynta sicir bararka
Harry Truman (1945-1953). Heerka murugada ayaa ka bilaabmay 4.1 boqolkiiba, waxay kor u kacday boqolkiiba 22 kadib markii dhammaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida uu keenay dhimasho. Truman ayaa hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba 4.5 iyadoo la raacayo Sharciga Shaqada iyo Fair Deal. Marka loo diro gargaarka Yurub, Qorshaha Marshall wuxuu abuuray baahida loo qabo alaabta Mareykanka. Sanadkii 1950, Dagaalkii Kuuriya wuxuu abuuray sicir barar, kor u kicinta calaamadaha murugada ilaa 10.2 boqolkiiba. Dhammaadka xilligii Truman ee xilligaas, ayaa hoos u dhacay murugada ilaa 3.5 boqolkiiba.
Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1962). Dhibaato ka dib dhammaadkii Dagaalkii Kuuriya wuxuu soo diray calaamadaha murugada leh ilaa 5.2 boqolkiiba intii lagu jiray Eisenhower sannadkii ugu horeeyay. Waxay kor u kacday boqolkiiba 8.1 markii dhaqdhaqaaq kale uu ku dhacay. Heerka sare ee murugada ayaa ka caawiyay John F. Kennedy inuu ku guuleysto madaxweyne kuxigeenka madaxwaynaha, Richard Nixon.
John F. Kennedy (1961-1963). Kennedy ayaa soo afjaray dhaq-dhaqaaqa, laakiin shaqo-la'aanta ayaa wali sii sarreysay markii la diley 1963-dii. Heerka murugada ayaa ku dhawaad 8.0 boqolkiiba.
Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969). Johnson wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyadda illaa 5.9 boqolkiiba sannadkii 1965 isaga oo qarash gareeyey Bulshada Weyn iyo Dagaalka Vietnam. Laakiin waxay kor u kacday boqolkiiba siddeedaad dhammaadka sannadka dhammaystiran ee xafiiska.
Richard Nixon (1969-1974). Tirakoobku wuxuu kordhay 11.7 boqolkiiba dhammaadkii 1970-kii. Nixon wuxuu abuuray Xeerka Shaqaaleynta Gurmadka Degdega ah iyo kantaroolka qiimaha mushaharka si loo yareeyo shaqo la'aanta iyo sicir-bararka. Taa baddalkeeda, waxay abuurtay isbeddel adag oo kordhay koritaanka. Sicir-bararka ayaa kacay markii kaydka Federaaliga ah uu kordhay qiimaha dulsaarka si loo xakameeyo sicir-bararka, ka dibna wuxuu hoos u dhigay kobaca koritaanka. Ganacsiyada khalkhalka ku jira, oo qiimaha sarreeya. Sanadkii 1973-dii, hoos-u-dhac ba'an ayaa kor u kacay 13.6 boqolkiiba. Nixon wuxuu soo afjaray heerka dahabka , taas oo ka dhigtay sicir bararka xitaa marka uu qiimaha dollarku hoos u dhaco. Wuxuu dhammeeyey dagaalkii Vietnam, laakiin wuxuu is casilay sababtoo ah baadhitaankii biyaha.
Gerald Ford (1974-1977). Tilmaamuhu wuxuu kordhay 19.5 boqolkiiba sannadka ugu horreeya ee Ford isagoo ugu mahadnaqay xasilloonida. Tirakoobku wuxuu hoos u dhacay 12.7 boqolkiiba 1976 markii uu soo afjarmay.
Jimmy Carter (1977-1981). Tirakoobka ayaa kor u kacay illaa 19.7% sannadkii 1980. Fedaraalka ayaa kor u kacay dulsaarka dulsaarka si loo joojiyo sicirrada mar marka dhanna. Waxay abuurtay masiibo.
Ronald Reagan (1981-1988). Sanadkii 1982, Reagan waxay saxiixday Sharciga Shaqada iyo Sharciga Garn-St.Germain si loo yareeyo sharciyada kaydka iyo deymaha. Wuxuu kordhiyay kharashka milatariga. Sanadkii 1986, wuxuu canshuur dhimay. Ballaarinta ayaa hoos u dhigtay calaamadaha murugada ilaa 7.7 boqolkiiba. Sanadkii 1987, Black Monday ayaa kor u kacday 10.1%.
George HW Bush (1988-1993). Qalalaas S & L wuxuu u soo diray tobankii sano ee ugu dambeeyey 1990-kii. Bush wuxuu billaabay degaanka Desert Storm, isagoo hoos u dhigaya hoos u dhig 10.3 boqolkiiba.
Bill Clinton (1993-2001). NAFTA kobcisay kobaca, Clinton waxay sidoo kale saxiixday Sharciga Miisaaniyadda Dhanka ah , Dugsiga Goobta Shaqada , iyo Dibuhabaynta Nabadgelyada. Dhammaan tallaabooyinkaas waxay kor u qaadeen kobaca dhaqaalaha, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya hoos u dhaca 6.0% marka loo eego 1998. Sicirbararku wuxuu bilaabay korodhka, isagoo kor uqaaday tirakoobka ilaa 7.3 boqolkiiba dhammaadka Clinton sannadkii hore ee xafiiska.
George W. Bush (2001-2009). Sannadkii ka hor Bush oo xafiiska la wareegay, NASDAQ ayaa ku dhuftay heerar sare. Markii uu burburay xayawaanka, Bush wuxuu dhaxlay dhaqaale xumo. Wuxuu ka jawaab celiyay canshuurta Bush . Wuxuu ka jawaabey weerarradii 9/11 ee dagaalka argagixisada . Weerarradu waxay sii xumeeyeen hoos u dhaca, taas oo uu ka hadlayey canshuur dhimista 2003 JGTRRA iyo Xeerkii Bankruptcy 2005. Laakiin hurricane Katrina ayaa hoos u dhigtay koritaanka. Sannadkii 2008, xiisadda dhaqaale ayaa dhacday. Hase yeeshee, hoos-u-dhaca wuxuu ahaa 7.6 boqolkiiba dhammaadkii sanadkan ee Bush sannadkii oo dhan, sababtoo ah shaqo la'aanta weli ma bilaabin sii kordhin.
Barack Obama (2009-2017). Heerarka murugada ayaa kor u kacay ilaa 12.6 boqolkiiba dhammaadkii 2009, inkastoo ARRA iyo kordhinta lacagta shaqola'aanta . Dhaqaalaha ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u bogsaday, sidaa darteed ilaa sannadka 2015 ayaa hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba 5,7. Inkasta oo tirada badani, codbixiyeyaashu waxay soo saareen xisbiga xagjirka ah ee tartanka madaxweynaha 2016-ka .
Heerka Maskaxdu ma ahan Mar walba Cabbir sax ah ee Caafimaadka Dhaqaalaha
Heerka murugada maaha tilmaam wanaagsan oo ah caafimaadka dhaqaale tan iyo markii shaqo la'aanta ay tahay tilmaame xeeldheer . Shaqo la'aanta ayaa tartiib tartiib ah u riixi doonta xitaa ka dib marka ay ka dhammaato khalkhalka.
Intii lagu guda jiray sedexda sano ee ugu horeeyay ee Diiqada, tirakoobku wuxuu u dhexeeyay 3.8-6.6 boqolkiiba. Dhaqaalaha ayaa ku dhacay 8.5 boqolkiiba iyo 6.4 boqolkiiba. Laakiin jaantusku ma muujineynin in inkastoo shaqo la'aanta ay ahayd 15.8 boqolkiiba 1931-kii. Qiimaha ayaa hoos u dhacay iyadoo ganacsiga adduunka uu burburay.
Sidoo kale, isweydaarsigu wuxuu ka sarreeyaa 10 boqolkiiba illaa 1942-dii, sannadihii ka dambeeyay Dhibaatada Dabiiciga ah. Shaqo la'aanta ayaa aad u kacday iyada oo qiimaha kor u kacay uu kordhay jawaab celinta xilliga dagaalka. Hase yeeshee, dhaqaalaha ayaa kor u kacay, isagoo kordhay qiimaha laba-god.
Taariikhda duufaantu waxay muujineysaa in calaamadaha murugada ay weli sarreeyeen ka dib markii ay soo noqnoqday dhowr jeer. Waxay ka mid yihiin xasilloonida 1945, 1949, 1957, 1990-1991, 2001 iyo dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee 2008 . Tilmaamuhu wuxuu ku jirey laba lambar oo labadii sanno ee ugu dambeeyay ee soo noqnoqday 1970, 1973-1975, iyo 1980-1981. Waxaa soo jiiday nooca sicir-bararka oo lagu magacaabo sicir bararka
| Sannad | Index Indha-Cadde | Koboca Dhaqaalaha | Dhibaatada |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 3.8% | NA | Murugo |
| 1930 | 2.3% | -8.5% | |
| 1931 | 6.6% | -6.4% | |
| 1932 | 13.3% | -12.9% | |
| 1933 | 25.7% | -1.3% | |
| 1934 | 23.2% | 10.8% | |
| 1935 | 23.1% | 8.9% | |
| 1936 | 18.3% | 12.9% | |
| 1937 | 17.2% | 5.1% | |
| 1938 | 16.2% | -3.3% | |
| 1939 | 17.2% | 8.0% | Murugo |
| 1940 | 15.3% | 8.8% | |
| 1941 | 19.8% | 17.7% | |
| 1942 | 13.7% | 18.9% | |
| 1943 | 4.9% | 17.0% | |
| 1944 | 3.5% | 8.0% | |
| 1945 | 4.1% | -1.0% | Dhibaatada |
| 1946 | 22.0% | -11.6% | |
| 1947 | 12.7% | -1.1% | |
| 1948 | 7.0% | 4.1% | |
| 1949 | 4.5% | -0.5% | Dhibaatada |
| 1950 | 10.2% | 8.7% | |
| 1951 | 9.1% | 8.1% | |
| 1952 | 3.5% | 4.1% | |
| 1953 | 5.2% | 4.7% | Dhibaatada |
| 1954 | 4.3% | -0.6% | |
| 1955 | 4.6% | 7.1% | |
| 1956 | 7.2% | 2.1% | |
| 1957 | 8.1% | 2.1% | Dhibaatada |
| 1958 | 8.0% | -0.7% | |
| 1959 | 7.0% | 6.9% | |
| 1960 | 8.0% | 2.6% | Dhibaatada |
| 1961 | 6.7% | 2.6% | |
| 1962 | 6.8% | 6.1% | |
| 1963 | 7.1% | 4.4% | |
| 1964 | 6.0% | 5.8% | |
| 1965 | 5.9% | 6.5% | |
| 1966 | 7.3% | 6.6% | |
| 1967 | 6.8% | 2.7% | |
| 1968 | 8.1% | 4.9% | |
| 1969 | 9.7% | 3.1% | |
| 1970 | 11.7% | 0.2% | Dhibaatada |
| 1971 | 9.3% | 3.3% | |
| 1972 | 8.6% | 5.2% | |
| 1973 | 13.6% | 5.6% | Dhibaatada |
| 1974 | 19.5% | -0.5% | Dhibaatada |
| 1975 | 15.1% | -0.2% | Dhibaatada |
| 1976 | 12.7% | 5.4% | |
| 1977 | 13.1% | 4.6% | |
| 1978 | 15.0% | 5.6% | |
| 1979 | 19.3% | 3.2% | |
| 1980 | 19.7% | -0.2% | Dhibaatada |
| 1981 | 17.4% | 2.6% | Dhibaatada |
| 1982 | 14.6% | -1.9% | Dhibaatada |
| 1983 | 12.1% | 4.6% | |
| 1984 | 11.2% | 7.3% | |
| 1985 | 10.8% | 4.2% | |
| 1986 | 7.7% | 3.5% | |
| 1987 | 10.1% | 3.5% | |
| 1988 | 9.7% | 4.2% | |
| 1989 | 10.0% | 3.7% | |
| 1990 | 12.4% | 1.9% | Dhibaatada |
| 1991 | 10.4% | -0.1% | Dhibaatada |
| 1992 | 10.3% | 3.6% | |
| 1993 | 9.2% | 2.7% | |
| 1994 | 8.2% | 4.0% | |
| 1995 | 8.1% | 2.7% | |
| 1996 | 8.7% | 3.8% | |
| 1997 | 6.4% | 4.5% | |
| 1998 | 6.0% | 4.5% | |
| 1999 | 6.7% | 4.7% | |
| 2000 | 7.3% | 4.1% | |
| 2001 | 7.3% | 1.0% | Dhibaatada |
| 2002 | 8.4% | 1.8% | |
| 2003 | 7.6% | 2.8% | |
| 2004 | 8.7% | 3.8% | |
| 2005 | 8.3% | 3.3% | |
| 2006 | 6.9% | 2.7% | |
| 2007 | 9.1% | 1.8% | |
| 2008 | 7.4% | -0.3% | Dhibaatada |
| 2009 | 12.6% | -2.8% | Dhibaatada |
| 2010 | 10.8% | 2.5% | |
| 2011 | 11.5% | 1.6% | |
| 2012 | 9.6% | 2.2% | |
| 2013 | 8.2% | 1.7% | |
| 2014 | 6.4% | 2.6% | |
| 2015 | 5.7% | 2.9% | |
| 2016 | 6.8% | 1.5% | |
| 2017 | 6.2% | na |