Sidee Badbaadin Karaa? Hore, Hada, Future
Heerka sicir-bararka Maraykanka sannadkii waa boqolkiiba isbedelka qiimaha laga bilaabo hal sano ilaa kan xigga, ama sanadka oo dhan . Wuxuu isbeddelayaa marxalad kasta oo wareegga ganacsiga . Wajiga koowaad waa ballaarinta . Taasi waa marka koritaanku uu yahay mid wanaagsan, oo leh sicir barar boqolkiiba 2. Markay dhaqaaluhu ka sarreyso 3 boqolkiiba, waxay abuuraysaa xumbo hantida . Wajiga labaad ayaa ah midka ugu sarreeya . Taasi waa bilowga ballaarinta oo ay bilaabmeyso.
Wejiga saddexaad waa qandho , taasoo ah masiibo. Sicir-bararka wuxuu hoos u dhacayaa boqolkiiba 2.0. Dhawaan, deflation waxay noqoneysaa khatar. Wejiga afraad waa saldhigga. Taasi waa bisha markii uu fooshaada dhamaado iyo ballaarinta bilaabanto.
Sicir-bararka ayaa sidoo kale wax ka qabta siyaasadda lacag-dejinta ee ay soo saareen Kaydka Federaalka . Fedarisku wuxuu diiradda saaray sicir bararka muhiimka ah sababtoo ah waxay ka reebaysaa qiimaha gaasta iyo qiimaha cuntada. Fedaraalku wuxuu dejiyaa heerka sicir bararka boqolkiiba laba boqolkiiba. Haddii sicirka ugu muhiimsan uu kor u kaco taas, Fed wuxuu ku dari doonaa siyaasadda lacagta qallafsan . Tani waxay kordhineysaa dulsaarka dulsaarka , xiridda dalabka iyo khasaarinta sicirka.
Qiyaasta Maraykanka iyo Qiyaasta Saamiga Dhawaaqa
Jadwalka hoose wuxuu isbarbardhigayaa sicir-bararka sicir-bararka, heerka wajiga ganacsiga iyo dhacdooyinka waaweyn ee saameeya sicir-bararka. Wixii dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan saadaasha, fiiri Muuqaalka Dhaqaale ee Maraykanka .
| Sannad | Heerka Sicirada YOY | Qiimaha Sanduuqa Qaadashada | Horumarinta Ganacsiga (Koritaanka Dhaqaale) | Dhacdooyinka Saameynaya Sicirada |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 0.6% | NA | Agoosto ugu sarraysa | Shilalka suuqa |
| 1930 | -6.4% | NA | Ka hortagga (-8.5%) | Smoot-Hawley |
| 1931 | -9.3% | NA | Ka hortagga (-6.4%) | Dust Bowl |
| 1932 | -10.3% | NA | Ka hortagga (-12.9%) | Hoover xiisadaha canshuurta |
| 1933 | 0.8% | NA | Khatartu way dhammaatay bishii Maarso. (-1.3%) | Heshiiska cusub ee FDR |
| 1934 | 1.5% | NA | Ballaarinta (10.8%) | Deynta Mareykanka ayaa kacay |
| 1935 | 3.0% | NA | Ballaarinta (8.9%) | Amniga Bulshada |
| 1936 | 1.4% | NA | Ballaarinta (12.9%) | Xiisadaha canshuurta ee FDR |
| 1937 | 2.9% | NA | Falanqayntii ugu sarraysay bishii May (5.1%) | Niyadjabku wuu soo noqdaa |
| 1938 | -2.8% | NA | Kufsi ayaa dhacay dhammaadkii Juun (-3.3%) | Niyadjabku wuu dhammaaday |
| 1939 | 0.0% | NA | Ballaarinta (8.0%) | Dust Bowl ayaa soo afjaray |
| 1940 | 0.7% | NA | Ballaarinta (8.8%) | Difaaca ayaa kordhay |
| 1941 | 9.9% | NA | Ballaarinta (17.7%) | Pearl Harbor |
| 1942 | 9.0% | NA | Ballaarinta (18.9%) | Kharashka difaaca ayaa kordhay |
| 1943 | 3.0% | NA | Ballaarinta (17.0%) | |
| 1944 | 2.3% | NA | Ballaarinta (8.0%) | Bretton-Woods |
| 1945 | 2.2% | NA | Fikradda ugu sarreysa (1%) | Truman ayaa dhamaaday WWII |
| 1946 | 18.1% | NA | Ballaarinta (-11.3%) | Miisaaniyad goynta |
| 1947 | 8.8% | NA | Ballaarinta (-1.1%) | Qorshaha Marshall. Dagaal qabow |
| 1948 | 3.0% | NA | Nov ugu sarraysa (4.1%) | |
| 1949 | -2.1% | NA | Soddonaad (10%) | Cadaaladda Fair. NATO |
| 1950 | 5.9% | NA | Ballaarinta (8.7%) | Dagaalka Kuuriya |
| 1951 | 6.0% | NA | Ballaarinta (8.1%) | |
| 1952 | 0.8% | NA | Ballaarinta (4.1%) | |
| 1953 | 0.7% | NA | Bishii 7aad (4.7%) | Eisenhower ayaa soo gabagabeeyay dagaalkii Kuuriya |
| 1954 | -0.7% | 1.25% | Ruxrux (May -0.6%) | Dow ayaa ku soo laabtay 1929-kii |
| 1955 | 0.4% | 2.50% | Ballaarinta (7.1%) | |
| 1956 | 3.0% | 3.00% | Ballaarinta (2.1%) | |
| 1957 | 2.9% | 3.00% | Agoosto (2.1%) | Dhibaatada |
| 1958 | 1.8% | 2.50% | Abaalmarinta Abriil (-0.7%) | Is-dhaafintu way dhammaatay |
| 1959 | 1.7% | 4.00% | Ballaarinta (6.9%) | Qiyaasta kordhay |
| 1960 | 1.4% | 2.00% | Bishii Abriil (2,6%) | Dhibaatada |
| 1961 | 0.7% | 2.00% | Xayiraadda Febraayo (2.6%) | Kharashka JFK ee kharajka ah ayaa ku dhamaaday burburkii |
| 1962 | 1.3% | 3.00% | Ballaarinta (6.1%) | |
| 1963 | 1.6% | 3.38% | Ballaarinta (4.4%) | |
| 1964 | 1.0% | 3.75% | Ballaarinta (5.8%) | LBJ's Medicare, Medicaid |
| 1965 | 1.9% | 4.25% | Ballaarinta (6.5%) | |
| 1966 | 3.5% | 5.50% | Ballaarinta (6.6%) | Dagaal Vietnam |
| 1967 | 3.0% | 4.50% | Ballaarinta (2.7%) | |
| 1968 | 4.7% | 6.00% | Ballaarinta (4.9%) | Dhagax soo noqda |
| 1969 | 6.2% | 9.00% | Dakhliga ugu sareeya (3.1%) | Nixon wuxuu xilka hayaa |
| 1970 | 5.6% | 5.00% | Tartanka Nov (0.2%) | Dhibaatada |
| 1971 | 3.3% | 5.00% | Ballaarinta (3.3%) | Xakamaynta qiimaha mushaharka |
| 1972 | 3.4% | 5.75% | Ballaarinta (5.2%) | Stagflation |
| 1973 | 8.7% | 11.00% | Nov ugu sarraysa (5.6%) | Dhammaadka heerka dahabka |
| 1974 | 12.3% | 8.00% | Ka hortagga (-0.5%) | Watergate |
| 1975 | 6.9% | 6.50% | Bisha Saddexaad (-0.2%) | Siyaasadda lacagta jooji-joojinta. Kordhay heerka sicir bararka si ay ula dagaallamaan sicir-bararka, ka dibna waxay hoos u dhigeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibo Ganacsiga jahwareerka ah ayaa kor u kacay qiimaha. |
| 1976 | 4.9% | 4.75% | Ballaarinta (5.4%) | |
| 1977 | 6.7% | 6.50% | Ballaarinta (4.6%) | |
| 1978 | 9.0% | 10.00% | Ballaarinta (5.6%) | |
| 1979 | 13.3% | 12.00% | Ballaarinta (3.2%) | |
| 1980 | 12.5% | 18.00% | Jan ugu sarraysa (0.2%) | Dhibaatada |
| 1981 | 8.9% | 12.00% | Shilaad Juulay (2.6%) | Canshuur celinta Reagan |
| 1982 | 3.8% | 8.50% | Nofeembar (-1.9%) | Is-dhaafintu way dhammaatay |
| 1983 | 3.8% | 9.25% | Ballaarinta (4.6%) | Reagan waxay kordhisay kharashka milatariga |
| 1984 | 3.9% | 8.25% | Ballaarinta (7.3%) | |
| 1985 | 3.8% | 7.75% | Ballaarinta (4.2%) | |
| 1986 | 1.1% | 6.00% | Ballaarinta (3.5%) | Canshuur dhimista |
| 1987 | 4.4% | 6.75% | Ballaarinta (3.5%) | Shil dhaco Isniintii |
| 1988 | 4.4% | 9.75% | Ballaarinta (4.2%) | Qiyaasta kordhay |
| 1989 | 4.6% | 8.25% | Ballaarinta (3.7%) | Dhibaatada S & L |
| 1990 | 6.1% | 7.00% | Jul ugu sarraysa (1.9%) | Dhibaatada |
| 1991 | 3.1% | 4.00% | Marxaladda Marxanka (-0.1%) | Qiimo yar oo la cuno |
| 1992 | 2.9% | 3.00% | Ballaarinta (3.6%) | NAFTA ayaa qorey |
| 1993 | 2.7% | 3.00% | Ballaarinta (2.7%) | Xeerka Miisaaniyada ee Balansiinta |
| 1994 | 2.7% | 5.50% | Ballaarinta (4.0%) | |
| 1995 | 2.5% | 5.50% | Ballaarinta (2.7%) | |
| 1996 | 3.3% | 5.25% | Ballaarinta (3.8%) | Dib-u-habaynta daryeelka |
| 1997 | 1.7% | 5.50% | Ballaarinta (4.5%) | Qiyaasta kordhay |
| 1998 | 1.6% | 4.75% | Ballaarinta (4.5%) | Dhibaatada LTCM |
| 1999 | 2.7% | 5.50% | Ballaarinta (4.7%) | Glass-Steagall waa la tirtiray |
| 2000 | 3.4% | 6.50% | Ballaarinta (4.1%) | Duufaan tiknoolaji ah |
| 2001 | 1.6% | 1.75% | Bishii Maarso. Nov. (1.0%) | Canshuurta Bush waa la jaray. Weerarrada 9/11 |
| 2002 | 2.4% | 1.25% | Ballaarinta (1.8%) | Dagaalka Argagixisada |
| 2003 | 1.9% | 1.00% | Ballaarinta (2.8%) | JGTRRA |
| 2004 | 3.3% | 2.25% | Ballaarinta (3.8%) | |
| 2005 | 3.4% | 4.25% | Ballaarinta (3.3%) | Katrina . Sharciga Dhacdooyinka |
| 2006 | 2.5% | 5.25% | Ballaarinta (2.7%) | Bernanke waa Guddoomiye Fed |
| 2007 | 4.1% | 4.25% | Sicir bararka (1.8%) | Dhibaatada Bangiga |
| 2008 | 0.1% | 0% | Ka-jarista (-3%) | Dhibaato dhaqaale |
| 2009 | 2.7% | 0% | Jaantuska Jun (2.8%) | ARRA |
| 2010 | 1.5% | 0% | Ballaarinta (2.5%) | ACA . Dodd-Frank |
| 2011 | 3.0% | 0% | Ballaarinta (1.6%) | Dhibaatada saqafka deynta |
| 2012 | 1.7% | 0% | Ballaarinta (2.2%) | |
| 2013 | 1.5% | 0% | Ballaarinta (1.7%) | Xiritaan Dawladeed . Kalluumaysiga |
| 2014 | 0.8% | 0% | Ballaarinta (2.4%) | QE waxay dhamaataa |
| 2015 | 0.7% | 0.25% | Ballaarinta (2.6%) | Sicir-darrada qiimaha saliidda iyo gaasta |
| 2016 | 2.1% | 0,75% | Ballaarinta (1.6%) | |
| 2017 | 2.1% | 1.50% | Heerka sicir bararka 1.8%. Heerka hadda waxaa la cusbooneysiiyaa bil walba. | |
| 2018 | 1.9% | 2.0% | Saadaasha. Heerka aasaasiga ah 1.9% | |
| 2019 | 2.0% | 2.5% | Saadaasha. Qiimaha Muhiimka ah 2.0% | |
| 2020 | 2.0% | 3.0% | Saadaasha. Qiimaha Muhiimka ah 2.0% | |
Khayraadka Miiska
- BLS, Heerka Sicirka Maalgashiga
- Tirakoobka Tirakoobka Mareykanka, Boqolkiiba Tirada Dadka Noqonaya Shaqo 1929-1947 Xasuusin: Tani waxay u qaybisaa tirada dadka 14 jir iyo ka weyn oo aan shaqooyinka guud ahayn.
- BLS, Nolosha Shaqo La'aanta 1948-2015 Ogsoonow: Tani waxay u qaybisaa tirada dadka shaqo la'aanta ah kuwaas oo si firfircoon u raadinaya shaqo shaqo.
- Heerka Maalgashiga Taageerada Taariikhda la Bartilmaameedsado
- Heerka Maalgelinta Lacageed ee Waxtarka leh: St. Louis Federal Reserve (Isticmaalidda qiyaasta lacagta FED ee la beegsaday kahor 1971.)
- Taariikhda Dhalashada
- Taariikhda Gold Standard
- NBER, Taariikhda Ganacsiga
- BEA, Dakhli Qaran, iyo Xisaabooyinka Qalabka Macmalka: Shaxda 1.1.1. Heerka Koritaanka Dhaqaalaha
- Fed waxay isticmaashaa moodeelo kombuyuutar ah si loo abuuro saadaashiisa. Laakiin wax badan oo isbeddel ah ayaa isbeddelaya inta u dhaxeysa saadaasha ah in ay adag tahay in la saxo saddexda sano. Waxyaabaha muhiimka ah ee la aqoonsan yahay waa in FED aanay u malaynaynin in sicirku uu noqon doono khatar aamin ah mustaqbalka dhow. (Waxaa laga soo xigtey: " Saadaasha dhaqaale ee Kaydka Federaalka " , "Federal Reserve, June 14, 2017.)