Lambarka Labaad Daaweynta Daawooyinka ee Daroogada

by Kathlyn Stone

Daawooyinka Daawooyinka Lagu Daahfaahin Karo Wakhti Dheer

Ku dhowaad 4 bilyan oo daawo oo loogu talagalay daawooyinka ayaa lagu qoray Maraykanka sannadkii 2010, oo ah waqti aad u sarreeya. Daraasado waaweyn oo falanqeeyay saamaynta maaliyadeed ee kordhinta isticmaalka daroogada daaweynta natiijooyinka daaweynta iyo kharajka ayaa gaaray natiijooyin kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogsoon yahay in cuduro badan laga hortagi karo, loola dhaqmo si wax ku ool ah ama lagu daaweyn karo daawooyinka dhakhtar qoray.

"Xaaladaha qaarkood, isticmaalka daawooyinka rijeetada ayaa dadka ka dhigaya inay u baahan yihiin daryeel caafimaad oo qaali ah sida isbitaal la dhigo ama qalliin," ayaa ku qeexay Hay'adda Kaiser Family Foundation.

Tobanaan muwaadiniin ah oo ku nool Maraykanka iyo in ka badan kala badh (58 boqolkiiba) dhammaan dadka aan da'da ahayn ayaa si joogta ah ugu tiirsan daroogo loo qoro, sida laga soo xigtay Hay'adda Cilmi-baarista Caafimaadka iyo Tayada.

Dhammaan noocyada daroogada ayaa arkay kororka rijeetooyinka 5-tii sano ee la soo dhaafay, marka laga reebo dheecaannada, penicillins, iyo ka hortagga uur-qaadista hormoonka, sida ku cad IMS Machadka Is-gaarsiinta Caafimaadka. Falanqaynta IMS waxaa ka mid ah daawooyinka dhakhtarku qoray oo loo maro farmasiiyada, farmashiyada dukaamada, amarrada boosta iyo tas-hiilaadka daryeelka muddada dheer.

Cilmi-badhayaasha oo ka sarreya qoraallada daroogada ee calaameysan

Daawooyinka caadiga ah ayaa ka dhigan 75 boqolkiiba dhammaan daawooyinka la soo buuxiyey ee sannadkii 2010, marka loo eego 57 boqolkiiba sannadkii 2004, sida laga soo xigtay IMS. In kasta oo tirada daawooyinka rijeetada oo guud ay kor u kaceen 5.9 boqolkiiba; Dawooyinka laguu qoray ayaa hoos u dhacay 7.6 boqolkiiba.

Daawooyinka Ugu Dheereya ee Daararka ah

Nidaamka Lipid

Nidaamyada Lipid, oo badanaa daawooyinka loo yaqaan Statin, ayaa loo isticmaalaa inay ka hortagaan dyslipidemia (kolestaroolka dhiigga sare) iyo dhibaatooyinka kale ee wadnaha iyo in loo qoro ka hortagga iyo daaweynta cuduro kale oo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin osteoporosis iyo dhibaatooyinka dambe ee menopause.

In ka badan 255.4 malyuun ee daawooyinka loo yaqaan 'statins' iyo daawooyinka kale ee hoos u dhigi jiray ayaa la buuxiyay sannadkii 2010.

Pfizer's Lipitor (atorvastatin calcium) wuxuu ahaa kan ugu sarreeya ee iibinta calaamadda, oo ay ku xigto Crestor (rosuvastatin calcium) AstraZeneca; Waxyaabaha kale ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Mevacor (lovastatin), Pravachol (pravastatin sodium), Zocor (simvastatin), Lescol (fluvastatin sodium), Vytorin (Ezetimibe / Simvastatin), iyo Pitavastatin.

Ololayaasha wargelinta dhakhtarrada iyo si toos ah macaamiisha ayaa gacan ka gaystay koritaanka fasalkaan daroogada.

Dawooyinka lid ku ah diiqadda

Dawooyinka liddi ku ah antidepressants waa mid ka mid ah fasalada ugu kobcsan ee daawooyinka loo soo qoray. Sannadkii 2010, in kabadan 253.6 milyan oo daawo ayaa loo buuxiyey daawooyinka lidka-diiqada, sida ku cad warbixinta IMS.

Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee kor u qaada liiska qoraallada antidepressants ayaa ah in tirada sii kordheysa ee daryeel bixiyeyaasha hoose iyo kuwa kale ee ka shaqeeya meel ka baxsan goobta caafimaadka maskaxiyan ay qorayaan qoraallada bukaanka ee aan helin bukaanka cudurka dhimirta, sida lagu sheegay daraasad lagu daabacay Suxufiyiinta Caafimaadka ee bishii Agoosto 2011.

"Falanqaynteena waxay ogaadeen in intii u dhaxaysay 1996 iyo 2007, saamiga booqashooyinka ee daawooyinka liddi ku ah antidepressants laakin lagama helin baaritaanada dhimirka ee laga helay 59.5 boqolkiiba ilaa 72.7 boqolkiiba," ayuu qoray wadaadayaal Ramin Mojtabai, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, iyo Mark Olfson, oo ka tirsan Kuliyada Dhakhaatiirta iyo Qaliinka Jaamacadda Columbia n New York, iyo cilmi-baaris cilmi-baaris oo cilmi-baaris ah ee Machadka Cilmi-nafsiga ee New York State.

Qalabka narkotikada

Xanuunnada daroogada ee loo yaqaan 'Narcotic analgesics' ayaa loo qoraa xanuunka daran.

Sannadkii 2010, wax ka badan 244,300 daawo ayaa loo buuxiyey noocyadan xanuunka dhirta.

Qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka narkotikada ah waxaa ka mid ah Oxycodone (Oxycodone), Vicodin (hydrocodone iyo acetaminophen), koodhin, morphine, Percocet (acetaminophen iyo oxycodone), iyo Ultram (tramadol).

Beta-Blockers

Calaamadaha beta-adrenergic-ka ama beta-blockers (si cad oo laysku daro daawooyin kale, ayaa loogu talagalay daaweynta cudurka wadnaha, gaar ahaan dhiig karka, iyo sidoo kale glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, iyo migraines.In ka badan 191.5 milyan daawooyinka loo soo qaato beta- horjoogayaasha ayaa la buuxiyay 2010.

Cudurka Beta-blockers waxaa ka mid ah Brevibloc (esmolol), Coreg (carvedilol), Indran (propranolol), Lopressor, Toprol-XL (metoprolol), Normodyne, Trandate (labamalol), Sectral (acebutolol), Tenormin (atenolol) iyo Zebeta (bisoprolol ) ./

Ka hortagga Ace

Kaararka Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta dhiig karka, scleroderma, migraines iyo xaalado kale. Sannadkii 2010, farmashiyeyaashu waxay bixiyeen wax ka badan 168.7 milyan oo daawo oo loogu talagalay xanuunka ACE.

Iskuulada ACE waxaa ka mid ah Lotensin (benazepril), Capoten (captopril), Vasotec (enalapril), Fosinopril, Prinivil, Zestril (Lisinopril), Univasc (Moexipril), Aceon (perindopril), Accupril (quinapril), Altace (ramipril) iyo Mavik (trandolapril ).

Darajooyinka kale ee darajada sare ee daroogada ayaa malaayiin ka mid ah daawooyinka loo qoray:

6. Daawada ka hortagga uurka; 165
7. Wakaaladaha Neefsashada; 153.3
8. Dhibaatooyinka Ka Hortagga; 147.1
9. Diuretics; 131
10. Cudurka Epileptics; 121.7
11. Qalab-qaadeyaasha; 108.6
12. Dareeraha qanjirada; 107.2
13. Calcium Antagonists (Qulqulka & Dhulka); 97.9
14. Astirootiga; 95
15. Qalabka ka hortagga uurka; 92.3
16. Angiotensin II; 83.7
17. Kaarbiska; 76.1
18. Macrolides & Nooca la midka ah; 73.9
19. Vitamiin & Macdanta; 71.9
20. Qeybaha maqaarka iyo calaamadaha; 66

Isha laga soo xigtay: Caafimaadka IMS, Baaritaanka Dawada Qaranka, Dec 2010