Fiiri mashiinnada bakteeriyada ugu weyn
Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobyada Group of Study Copper International (ICSG), 2014-kii 20-kii mashruuc ee maraakiibta waaweeyn ee waawayn ee caalamiga ah ayaa leh awood wadajir ah oo ka kooban 10 milyan oo metrik ton ama in ka badan 35 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee dib-u-eegidda bakteeriyada adduunka.
Afar ka mid ah shixnadaha shinnida ugu weyn - iyo 10 ka mid ah 20ka sare - waxay ku yaalaan dalka China. Shan qof ee ugu weyn, kali ah, ayaa leh awood isku dhafan oo ah 3.25 malyan oo metrik ton, ama ilaa 12 boqolkiiba awoodda caalamiga ah.
Saddex ka mid ah 20 warshadood oo waaweyn oo bakteeriyadu leedahay ayaa leh shirkad weyn oo ku taal gobolka Chile ee Codelco. Saddexdan xarumood ayaa leh isku-darka sanadlaha ah ee 1.5 milyan oo metric tons.
Codelco, ma aha mid la yaab leh, waa wax soo saarka ugu weyn ee dunida oo dhan . Sannadkii 2014, ayaa shirkaddu soo saartay ku dhowaad 400,000 oo tan oo kaash ah tan ka badan adduunka labaad ee ugu wayn dunida, Aurubis.
Farsamada casriga ah ee loo isticmaalo in ka badan kala badh dhammaan rijeetooyinka (qiyaastii 70 boqolkiiba), halka isticmaalka awooda celinta adduunka ee sannadka 2013 lagu qiyaasay inay ku dhawaad 80 boqolkiiba.
Liiska hoos ku qoran wuxuu ku saleysan yahay tirakoobyada iyo macluumaadka laga heli karo Tilmaamaha ICSG ee Miinooyinka iyo Meelaha (2014).
Liiska ku qoran waa magacyada guud ee nacaybka kasta oo ay ku xigto mulkiilaha kuxusan. Awoodda wax soo saarka macdanta nadiifka ah ayaa markaa lagu qeexayaa kumanaan metrik ton, ama kilotonnes (kt).
01 Guixi (Shirkadda Jiangxi Copper) - 900kt
Lahaansho oo ay maamulaan Shirkadda ugu waawayn ee naxaaska ee China, Jiangxi Copper Corporation, Gacanta Guixi waxay ku taallaa gobolka Jiangxi. Koodhadhka Copper-ka ee nacasku waxaa lagu iibiyaa iyada oo loo marayo mashiinka London Metal Exchange ee 'Guiye'. Qalabka dahabiga ah iyo kuwa yaryar ee yar-yar ayaa sidoo kale laga soo saaraa mashiinka naxaasiga ah ee rinjiga.
02 Jinchuan (Jinchuan Non Ferrous Co.) - 650kt
Waxay ku taallaa Fengchengang, aag warshadeed oo koonfurta ka xigta Guangxi, Shiinaha, Jinchuan ee nacnac naxaas ah ayaa awood u leh soo saarida qiyaastii 650,000 tan sanadkii. Sannadka 2014, ganacsade bir ah ganacsade gawaarida ah ee Trafigura ayaa bixiyay US $ 150 milyan oo loogu talagalay boqolkiiba 30 saamil oo ah nacnac naxaas ah oo Jinchuan ah.
03 Daye / Hubei (Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Co.) - 600kt
Waxay ku taallaa gobolka Hubei, Daye waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay ahayd macdanta macdanta tan iyo qarnigii toddobaad ee BC. Shirkadda Daye Non-Ferrous Met Co. waa Shiinaha soo saaraha ugu da'da weyn. Maalgashadihii ugu danbeeyay ayaa labanlaabmey mishiinka hilibka ee mashiinka shirkadda ku dhawaad 600,000 tan.
04 Chuquicamata (Codelco) - 600kt
Codka 'Chelicamata' ee codka 'Chukicamata' waxaa lagu quudiyaa mashiinka naxaasiga ah ee Chuquicamata (ama Chuqui), mid ka mid ah miinooyinka weyn ee dunida ugu weyn dunida oo dhan. Waxaa ku yaal waqooyiga Chile, xarumaha dhuxusha ee Chuqui waxaa markii hore lagu rakibay horraantii 1950-yadii.
05 Yunnan Copper (Kooxda Shirkadda Yunnan Copper Group 64.8%) - 500kt
Waxaa la aasaasay 1958, Yunnan Copper waa Shiinaha saddexaad ee ugu wayn ee ah copper-ku saleysan awoodda guud. Waa wax aad u liita oo ku yaal Qingyuan, gobolka Guangdong, waa wadashaqeyn ka dhexaysa Yunnan Copper iyo China Group Non Metrals Group, taas oo inta badan ka baaraandegaysa waraaqda ka soo jiidata Chambishi ee Zambia.
06 Birla (Birla Group Hidalco) - 500kt
Hindiya tan ugu weyn ee bakooraha, oo ay maamusho Hidalco oo ku taal Gujarat, Birla ayaa bilaabay wax soo saarka copper sannadkii 1998-kii. Ka dib markii la ballaadhiyay tiro badan, hadda waxay leedahay awood ku dhowaad 500,000 tan sannadkii.
07 Pyshma Refinery (Uralelectromed) - 500kt
Kiimikada mashiinka dhuxusha ee elektarooniga Pyshma ayaa markii hore bilaabay wax soo saarka 1934-dii. Waxay ku taallaa gobolka Sverdlovsk, Russia, Pyshma waxaa maamula Uralelectromed, gacmeed dadweynaha ah ee ganacsiga Ural Mining iyo Metallurgical.
08 Toyo (Sumitomo Metals Mining Co. Ltd.) - 450kt
The Toyo Smelter and Refinery, oo ku yaalla magaalooyinka Saijo iyo Nihama, Japan, ayaa waxaa maamula Sumitomo Metals Mining Co. Ltd. waxay ku fashilmeen inay ka soo jeeda Koonfurta Ameerika, Australia, iyo Koonfurta Aasiya, oo ay ka mid tahay maraakiibta Sierra Gorda, Waxa kale oo ay dahab iyo molybdenum ku darsamaan waxyaabaha ay ka soo baxaan bakteeriyada.
09 Amarillo (Grupo Mexico) - 450kt
Naqshadaynta Amarillo ee waqooyiga Texas waxay shaqaaleysiisaa in ka badan 300 oo shaqaale ah, dib u habaynta kathode copper iyo nikel sulfate. Kiimikada macdanta waxaa lagu shaqeeyaa sannadkii 1974, waxaana loo yaqaan 'Asarco Inc.' waxaana hadda haysta oo ay maamusho kooxda Mexico.
10 Onsan Refinery (LS-Nikko Co.) - 440kt
LS Nikko Copper wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa naqshadeynta copper-ka ugu weyn ee Onsan. Warshadda Onsan, oo bilaabay wax soo saarka 1979-kii, iyo adeegsiga farsamada casriga ah, hadda waxay leedahay awooda sannadlaha ah ee 440,000 tons.
11 Magaaleynta Hamburg (Aurubis) - 416kt
12 El Paso Refinerty (Freeport-McMoRan) - 415kt
13 Baiyin (Baiyin Metals Nonferrous) - 400kt
14 Jinguan (Tongling Non-Ferrous Metals Group) - 400kt
15 Jinlong Tongdu (Tongling Non-Ferrous / Sharpline Intl./Sumitomo/Itochu) - 400kt
16 Xangguang Copper (Yanggu Xiangguang Coppper Co.) - 400kt
17 Shandong Fangyuan (Dongying) - 400kt
18 Qalabka Nater-celinta (Vedanta) - 400k5
Las Ventanas (Codelco) - 400kt
20 Radomiro Tomic (Codelco) - 400kt
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