Sawiradaan waxay tusi karaan saameynta dhaqaale ee Diiqada weyn
Maamulka Ammaanka Beeraha ayaa shaqaaleeyay sawir qaadayaasha si ay u diiwaan geliyaan xaaladaha nololeed ee Diiqada Weyn . Waxay yihiin taariikhda taariikhda sawir gacmeedka. Sawiradu waxay muujinayaan saamaynta xun ee Diiqadda Weyn iyo Bowl Duufaanta . Qaar ka mid ah sawirada ugu caansan waxay muujinayaan dadka ka soo barakacay beeraha waxayna u guuraan galbeedka ama magaalooyinka warshadaha iyaga oo raadinaya shaqo. Sawiradani waxay muujinayaan ka fiican jaantusyada iyo tirooyinka saameynta dhaqaale ee Diiqada Weyn.
01 Haweenku waxay weeraraan magaalada
Duufaan boodh lagu geliyey Elqart, Kansas, May 21, 1937. Sannad ka hor, abaarta waxay sababtay xagaaga kuleylka ah ee dib u celinta d. Bishii Juun, siddeed gobol waxay kulanneen kuleylka 110 ama ka weyn. Bishii Luulyo, mugdiga kulaylku wuxuu ku dhuftey 12 gobol oo kale. Waxay ahaayeen Iowa, Kansas (121 darajo), Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Waqooyiga Dakota (121 darajo), Oklahoma (120 darajo), Pennsylvania, South Dakota (120 darajo), West Virginia, iyo Wisconsin. Bishii Agoosto, Texas waxay aragtay heerkulka rikoodhka ah ee 120-degree ee jabiya.
Waxa kale oo uu ahaa mawjada kulul ee taariikhda Maraykanka, diley 1,693 qof. Qiyaastii 3,500 qof ayaa ku dhintey iyagoo isku dayaya inay qaboojiyaan.
02 Duufaan Duufaan ah ee Diiqadda Weyn
Arthur Rothstein / Library of Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada, FSA-OWI Collection
Duufaankii duufaanka ayaa ka caawiyay Sababta Diiqada weyn . Cunto badan ayaa keentay nabaad guurka, taas oo ahayd hal sababo duufaanno ba'an. Sababta ugu muhiimsan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa abaar ballaadhan. Duufaantan waxay ku qasbeen beeraleyda in ay waayaan ganacsigooda, noloshooda iyo guryahooda. Qoysaska waxay u guureen Kaliforniya ama magaalooyinka si ay u helaan shaqo aan badi ku jirin wakhtigii ay halkaa ka heleen.
03 Saameynta Dufanka Bustaha
Arthur Rothstein / Library of Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada, FSA-OWI Collection
Duufaankii duufaanka laga bilaabo nabaad guurka ayaa ku dhow dhismayaashii, iyaga oo aan waxtar lahayn. Dadku aad ayay u xanuunsadeen si ay u neefsadaan boodhka.
04 Beerashada 1935
Koox ka kooban laba fardo oo shaqeynaya gaari, guryo beereed oo muuqda, muuqaal hooseeya, Beltsville, Maryland, 1935. Maktabadda Dadweynaha New York.
05 Beeraleyga oo ka soo qaxay Bowl Boorama
Beeraley beerayada hadhuudhka leh bacriminta saaran faruuraha faraha badan ee beeraha Wabash, Loogootee, Indiana, Juun 1938. Dhaqaalaha ayaa qandaraaskiisu gaadhay 3.3% sababtoo ah FDR ayaa dib u jaraysay Heshiiska Cusub. Wuxuu isku dayey inuu isku dheelitiro miisaaniyadda, laakiin waxa uu ahaa mid aad u dhakhso badan. Qiimaha hoos ayuu hoos u dhacay 2.8%, oo wax yeeleeyay beeralayda laga tegey.
06 Nolosha Aduunka Ugu Wanaagsan ee Nolosha?
Bishii Maarso 1937: Billboard, oo ay maal galisay Ururka Qaranka ee Dhismayaasha, Wadada 99aad ee California inta lagu jiro Dhibaatada. Waxay akhrinaysaa 'Ma jirto waddo sida habka Maraykanka' iyo 'heerka ugu sareeya nolosha ee adduunka'. Sanadkaas, heerka shaqo la'aanta ayaa ahayd 14.3 boqolkiiba.
07 Ragga way ku faraxsan yihiin inay shaqo raadsadaan
Labo nin oo shaqo la'aan ah oo u socdaalay Los Angeles, California si ay shaqo u helaan.
08 Kaalay California
Photo by Dorothea Lange / / Library of Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada, FSA-OWI Collection
Xerada jidadka ee u dhow Bakersfield, California. Alaabooyinka dunidu ee qaxoontiga ah ee ka soo jeeda Texas cast, abaar iyo niyadjab. Qaar badan ayaa guryahooda ka tagay si ay shaqo uga helaan California. Waqtiga ay halkaa ku soo gaadheen, shaqooyinka way baxeen. Tani waxay dhacday bishii Nofembar 1935. Shaqo la'aanta waxay ahayd boqolkiiba 20.1.
09 Wadada Shaqada
Photo by Dorothea Lange / Maktabadda Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada Qeybta, FSA-OWI Collection.
Qayb ka mid ah qoys sabool ah oo sagaal ka mid ah waddada New Mexico Qoxootiga niyadjabka ah waxay ka baxeen Iowa sannadkii 1932 sababtoo ah qaaxada aabbaha. Wuxuu ahaa shaqaale makaanig baabuur iyo rinjiile. Qoysku waxay ku jirtaa gargaarka Arizona. Shaqo la'aanta ayaa ahayd 23.6 boqolkiiba. Dhaqaalaha ayaa ku dhacay 12.9 boqolkiiba. Dadku waxay ku eedeeyeen Madaxwaynaha Hoover, oo kor u qaaday cashuurta sannadkaas si loo dhimo miisaaniyadda. Waxay u codeeyeen FDR, oo u ballanqaaday heshiis Cusub .
10 Cunista Dhinaca Wadada
Photo by Dorothea Lange / Maktabadda Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada Qeybta, FSA-OWI Collection.
Wiilka niyadjabka qaxootiga ee ka yimid Oklahoma oo hadda ku sugan California. November 1936
11 Shanty oo la dhisay
Photo by Arthur Rothstein,
Doolaal ayaa lagu dhisay meel diidaya agagaarka Sunnyside slack pipe, Herrin, Illinois Degaanno badan oo ku yaalla koonfurta Illinois ayaa la dhistay lacag lagu amaahdo ururada iyo deymaha, taas oo ku dhowaad dhammaan wax lacag ah ku baxday.
12 Shaqaalaha Haajiriinta ee jooga California
Shaqaale soogalooti ah, xaaskiisa yar iyo afar caruur ah oo ku nasanaya meel ka baxsan gurigooda ku meel gaarka ah, oo ku yaal xerada qaxootiga, Marysville, California, 1935.
13 Ka Soo Dhawow Baabuur
Photo by Dorothea Lange / Maktabadda Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada Qeybta, FSA-OWI Collection.
Guriga kali ah ee niyad-jabka qoysku ku dhacay sagaal qof oo Iowa ah. August 1936
14 Hooverville
Photo by Dorothea Lange / Maktabadda Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada Qeybta, FSA-OWI Collection.
Kumanaan ka mid ah beeralaydaas iyo shaqaalaha kale ee shaqo la'aanta ah ayaa u safray California si ay shaqo u helaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadku waxay dareensanyihiin in uu sababay in uu joojiyo, wuxuu ka walwalsan yahay isku dheelitirka miisaaniyadda, iyo dareemay in suuqa uu iskiis u soocayo.
The Depression Great ayaa qoysaska oo dhan ku barokacday, kuwaas oo noqday guri la'aan. Carruurtu aad ayay u dhib badnaayeen. Waxay badi ahaan lahaayeen inay shaqeeyaan si ay uga caawiyaan inay dhammaadaan.
16 Khadadka Khudaarta
Ma jirin barnaamijyo bulsheed ee qaybta hore ee Diiqada. Dadku waxay ku wareegeen si ay u helaan maraq shinni ah oo samafal ah.
17 Xabbadood
Khudaarta inta lagu guda jiro Duufaan Weyn. Raggan qeybtan calaamadda waxaa lagu xaqiijiyey cunto shan-casho ah. Inta soo hartey waa inay sugaan dadka baaskiilka ah. Buddy, miyaad dhigi kartaa dimeeye? Sawir la qaaday intii u dhaxaysay 1930 ilaa 1940. Ma jirin wax lacag ah oo ah Social Security, samafal, ama gunnada shaqo la'aanta ilaa FDR iyo Heshiiska Cusub.
18 Kudheelka Kufsigu wuxuu ahaa Badbaadiyeyaal Life
Kibisku ma cunin wax badan oo la cuno, laakiin way ka fiicnayd wax aan jirin.
Koox rag ah oo ka baxsan bannaanka jikada Chicago ee ay furan tahay Al Capone, ca. Marka la eego dib u dhiska sumcadkiisa, Capone waxa uu furay jikada maraqyada iyada oo xaaladaha dhaqaale ee ka sii daraya.
20 Kufsiyada Kufsiyada 1930-kii
Dolly Gann (L), oo ah walaashii madaxweyne kuxigeenka Mareykanka Charles Curtis, ayaa ka caawisa cuntada inay u adeegto dadka gaajada ah ee ku jira jikada maraqyada loo yaqaan 'Marble Soup' 27 December, 1930.
21 Saameynta Diiqadda Weyn
Falanqeeyahan ayaa isku dayay inuu sii wanaajiyo dharka, laakiin waxaa lagu qasbay inuu gargaar ka raadsado Ururka Iskaa wax u qabso. Waxay ahayd qaybta beeraha caanaha ee California sannadkii 1936. Shaqo la'aanta waxay ahayd 16.9 boqolkiiba.
22 Fududeynta Diiqada Weyn
Floyd Burroughs. Sawirka Walker Evans
Sawirka caanka ah ee Walker Evans waa Floyd Burroughs. Waxa uu ka yimid Gobolka Hale, Alabama. Sawirka waxaa la qaaday 1936.
"Waxa uu shaqeeyay dhismaha, laakiin markii shaqada la waayay, wuxuu qoyska reer Florida uga soo wareejiyay beerta aabbihiis ee Waqooyiga Georgia, beerta, waxay kobcisay beeraan hadhuudh, khudaar badan, tufaax iyo midho kale, waxayna haysteen xoolo yar." Sheeko run ah oo ka timid akhristaha.
23 Fududeynta Diiqada Weyn
Photo by Dorothea Lange / Maktabadda Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada Qeybta, FSA-OWI Collection.
Waayo, quraacda waxay ka dhigan tahay caano meyd ah, Oo waxay cunaan kibistii tusniinta, Iyo xabbad canjeero ah, Runtii waxay ku cuneen caatoobaad iyo cayn kasta oo khamiir ah. Sheeko run ah oo ka timid akhristaha.
24 Caruurta Diiqada Weyn
Russell Lee / Library of Congress, Qeybta Sawirada & Sawirada, FSA-OWI Collection
Carruurta shaqaale maalinle ah oo beeraha ka shaqeynaya ayaa ku ag maraya wadada dhinaceeda ah ee u dhow Spiro, Oklahoma. Waxaa jiray sariiro aan lahayn wax difaac ah oo ka imaanaya duufaanta. Russell Lee, Juun 1939
25 Ku khasbey in ay iibiso Tufaaxa
Dadka haysta shaqooyinka waxay caawimi karaan kuwa aan lahayn shaqooyin iyagoo iibsanaya tufaax, qalin, ama kulamo.
26 Ma jiraan shaqooyin
Ragaha aan shaqeynin waxay fadhiyaan meel ka baxsan qado madadaalada Robinson ee maraq ku yaal 9th iyo jidadka Plum, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1931. Sannadkan, dhaqaalaha ayaa qandaraaslay 6.2 boqolkiiba, qiimaha hoos u dhacay 9.3 boqolkiiba. Shaqo la'aanta ayaa ahayd 15.9 boqolkiiba, laakiin ugu xumaa weli lama imaan.
27 Suuqa Suuqa Shirkadda 1929
Dabaqa suuqa New York Stock Exchange ka dib markii shilalka suuqa saamiyada ee 1929. Waxay ahayd muuqaal guud oo argagaxsan sida stockbokers oo dhan lumay.
28 Shirkadda Dhibaatada Dhibaatada Burburisay Kalsoonida ee Wall Street
Ka dib markii 'Black Thursday' ee suuqa saamiyada ee magaalada New York, booliisku wuxuu soo saaray shirkii farxada ahaa ee New York, USA, sawir, 2nd November 1929.
29 Qalabka Tani waa mid aan ku sii wadi karin mugga iibka
Brokers waxay hubinayaan cajaladda qiimaha maalinlaha ah ee filimka 'The Wolf Of Wall Street', oo bilowday bilo ka hor shilka 1929, Hollywood, California, 1929.
30 Markii Duufaankii weynaa la bilaabay
Madaxwayne Herbert Hoover iyo xaaskiisa, Lou Henry Hoover, oo Chicago ku yaala ciyaaraha kama dambaysta ah ee Koobka Aduunka ee 1929-kii u dhexeeya Chicago Cubs iyo Philadelphia Athletics, Oktoobar 1929. Depression Great ayaa hore u bilowday bishii Agoosto ee sanadkaas.
Haddii Hoover ku sii jiray Xafiiska, Diiqada ayaa si aad ah ugu xumaan lahayd
Madaxwayne Herbert Hoover (bidix) isaga oo la wareegay madaxweyne Franklin D. Roosevelt markii uu furayay. Capitol / Washington. 4tii Maarso 1933. Sawir sawir.
32 Barnaamijka Heshiiska Cusub ee Cusub ayaa shaqeeyay
Qeyb ka mid ah wafdiga xayeysiis ee dukaanka dharka ee WPA ugu weyn ee NY halkaas oo 3,000 oo haween ah ay soo saartaan dharka iyo dharka nadaafadda loo qaybiyo dadka shaqo la'aanta ah, New York, New York, 1935. Waxay shaqeeyaan lix maalmood, soddon saacadood todobaadkii laba dabaq ah jir ah Siegel Cooper Building.
Intii lagu jiray Duufaankii weynaa, dadku way ka lumeen guryahoodii iyagoo ku noolaa teendhooyin. Miyay taasi dhici kartaa mar labaad ee Maraykanka? Malaha maya. Congress-ka ayaa muujiyay in ay bixin doonto wax kasta oo lagama maarmaan ah, iyada oo aan loo eegin dhibaatada deynta.