Maxay yihiin Badeecooyinka Heerka sare leh?
Bixinta Horumarka Sare waa canshuuraha ay soo saareen shirkadaha leh credit ratings kuwaas oo ka hooseeya heerka maalgashiga. Tusaale ahaan shirkadda heerka maalgashiga waxay noqon doontaa Microsoft ama Exxon Mobil , shirkado waaweyn oo caalami ah oo leh dakhliga soo noqnoqda ee soo noqnoqda iyo tiknoolaji ahaan lacagaha dheelitirka.
Labada shirkadood ayaa dhab ahaantii haysta dhibco ka sareeya dawladda Mareykanka, maadaama aysan jirin fursad ay ku badali doonaan, ama si kale loo dhigo, waxay ku guul daraystaan inay bixiyaan dulsaar iyo lacag bixinta waqtigooda.
Taa bedelkeeda, curaarta sarreeya waxaa bixiya shirkado leh kheeyraadyo kuwaas oo su'aal ku filan si looga hortago inay deyntooda ka dhigtaan darajada maalgashiga. Shirkadaha wax soo saaridda sare waxay yeelan karaan heerar deyn ah, moodhiyaal ganacsi oo shaki leh, ama dakhliga aan fiicnayn.
Natiijo ahaan, waxaa jira suurtogalnimada ay u badan tahay in ay is-beddeli karaan. Shirkadaha noocan oo kale ah, waxay kasbadaan dhibcaha dhibco yar iyo maalgashadayaasha waxay dalbadaan waxsoosaar dheeraad ah si ay u yeeshaan curaarta. Sababta sababta canshuuraha khatarta ah ay caadi ahaan bixiyaan wax-soosaarka sare waxaa laga wada xaajoonayaa maqaalkayga Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Khatarta iyo Yield ee Suuqa Bond .
Khatarta Bonds Bonds High
Shakhsiyaadka maalgashiga sarreeya ee maalgashiga maalgashiga ama maalgashiga sarrifka ah (halkii ay ku xidhan yihiin shakhsiyadaha shakhsiyaadka), waa iska diidaan tixgelinta koowaad.
Qiyaasta sanadlaha ah ee sanadlaha ah ee dhalidda sarreysa waa qiyaastii 4% sannadkii, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in macaashka ama ETF-yada maalgashanaya qaybta aaney muuqan waxtarka ugu weyn ee waxtarka leh ee laga soo bilaabo sanad kasta.
Taa baddalkeeda, khatarta ugu muhiimsani waxay tahay korodhka sareeya ee canshuur celinta sare marka la barbar dhigo meelaha kale ee suuqa xorta ah.
Xidhmooyinka sare ee wax-qabadku si fiican ayay u soo mareen, laakiin fasalka hantida ayaa sidoo kale si dhakhso ah u dhici karta marka jawiga suuqu uu soo noqdo.
Tusaalihii ugu dambeeyay ee ugu dambeeyay ayaa dhacay 2008-dii markii dhibaatada dhaqaale ee Mareykanka ay ku dhufatay suuqyada si buuxda. Laga bilaabo Agoosto 29 ilaa Oktoobar 27 sanadkaas, sicirka sare ee waxsoosaarku wuxuu lumay 25% qiimaha. Tani waxay ahayd xaalad aan caadi aheyn, laakiin waxay muujineysaa khatarta muddada-gaaban ee la xidhiidha maalgashiga dhalidda sare.
Soo celinta taariikhda xoogan
Sicirada iibka ah ee xilligaan ah sida kii ka dhacay 2008-dii ma dhicin waxqabadka muddada fog ee canshuur celinta sare. Heerka tobanka sano ee la soo dhaafay wuxuu dhammaaday Agoosto 31, 2012, Heerka Sarrifka sare ee Credit Suisse wuxuu keenay celcelis guud sanadkiiba 10.26% - wuxuu ka fiicanyahay dhammaan qaybaha suuqa dakhliga ee joogtada ah marka laga reebo xirmooyinka suuqa ee soo baxaya .
Xilligaas, isku-xirka maalgashiga-maalgashiga (sida lagu qiyaaso Barclays Wadarta Guudmarka Bixinta Mareykanka) ayaa celcelis ahaan celcelis ahaan 5.48% celcelis ahaan celcelis ahaan, halka kaydka Mareykanka (sida S & P 500 Index) ay soo celisay 6.51%.
Ma ahan oo keliya wax soo saarkooda sareeya oo ka sarreeya muddadaa, hase yeeshee waxa ay ku sameeyeen qiyaastii kala badhkii isbeddelka - taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ganacsigii khatarta / khidmadda ganacsigiisu aad u sarreeyeen.
Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in bixinnada sare ee bixinta ay keeneen celcelis 23 oo ah 28-ka sano ee sannadka soo socda illaa 2011 sida ku cad Lipper.
Marka la eego wax soo saarka, fasalka hantida ayaa celcelis ahaan ku kordhiyey lix dhibcood marka la eego Khasnadaha Mareykanka waqtigiisii. Si kastaba ha noqotee, faa'iidadan - ama korodhka soo-saarka - wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay meelo badan. Waxay hoos u dhacday 2.5% - 2.6 dhibcood ee 1997 iyo mar labaad 2007-dii, waxana ay kor u kacday boqolkiiba 21 dhibcaha xiisadda dhaqaale ee 2008.
Dhiirrigelinta sarreeya waxay u muuqdaan inay ku fiicanyihiin inta lagu jiro mudada dhaqaalaha iyo kalsoonida maalgalinta sare. Taa bedelkeeda, fasalka hantida guud wuxuu si guud u shaqeeyaa marka khatarta ah in khalkhalku uu sarreeyo iyo / ama maalgashadayaashu aysan ku qancin khatar.
Dhaqdhaqaaqa dulsaarku ma laha wax saameyn badan ku leh ciriiriga koritaanka sare maaddaama ay sameeyaan meelo kale oo ka mid ah suuqyada dhoofinta tan iyo markii ay faa'iidada korodhka ah macnaheedu tahay in rubuc-dhibcood ay u gudubto Qasnadaha waxay saameyn ku yeeshaan faafitaanka soo saarista sida ay xayiraadaha leh wax soo saarka hooseeya.
Warqaddan cad oo ay soo saartay maamulaha hantida Alliance Bernstein ayaa si faahfaahin ah u bixinaya dhacdadan.
Dakhliga sanadlaha ee sannadka ah ee waxqabadka canshuur celinta sare, oo ay weheliso isbarbardhigga soo celinta dib u soo celinta labadaba kaydka iyo darajooyinka fasalka maalgashiga, ayaa halkan laga heli karaa.
Yaa Dalbaday Bonds High Bonds?
Xaddiga sarbeebta sare waxaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inay bixiyaan meel dhexdhexaad ah inta u dhaxaysa saamiyada iyo bondyada. Inkastoo ay yihiin dammaanad dakhliyeed oo go'an, bangiga sare wax-soo-saarka ayaa sidoo kale leh isbeddel sare marka loo eego qaybaha ugu badan ee suuqa-dhoofka, iyo wakhti ka dambeeya waxqabadkoodu waxay u socdaan si aad ugu dhow suuqa suuqyada marka loo eego dulsaarka darajooyinka maalgashiga.
Hantida hantida ayaa sidaas darteed, ku haboon qof raadinaya dakhliga sarraysa iyo suurtogalka mudnaanta muddada dheer ee raasumaalka, laakiin cidda sidoo kale u adkeysan karta khatarta - iyo waxa ugu muhimsan - waxay awood u leeyihiin inay heystaan maalgelintooda saddexda shan sano. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay isbedelka sareeya, canshuur celinta sarreysa maaha mid ku habboon maalgashadayaasha muddooyinka wakhtiga gaaban ama dulqaad yar oo halis ah .
Sida loo maalgeliyo
Maalgashadayaasha casriga ah waxay leeyihiin ikhtiyaarka ah inay iibsadaan canshuur celin heer sare ah oo shakhsi ah iyada oo loo marayo macmiilka. Hase yeeshee, tani waa geedi socod xoogan oo xoog leh oo ku lug leh heer sare aqoon iyo cilmi. Maalgashadayaasha badankood waxay doortaan inay u helaan qaybta miisaaniyada labada dhinac ama ETFs . Morningstar waxay leedahay liiska buuxa ee maalgelinta dammaanad sare, oo leh taariikhdooda taariikheed. Labada nooc ee ugu ballaadhan ee ETFs waa SPDR Barclays Capital High Yield Bond ETF (JNK) iyo iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Fund Bond Fund (HYG). Waxyaabaha kale ee ETF ee maalgashanaya waa:
- iShares iBoxx $ Horumar Sare ah ee Hay'adda Bonds (HYG)
- SPDR Barclays Barqajiyo Bixin Bixin Buuxda ETF (JNK)
- SPDR Barclays Capital Sannad Bixin Bixin Bixin Dheeraad ah ETF (SJNK)
- iShares 0-5 Sanadka Horumarinta Heerka sare ee shirkadda ETF (SHYG)
- PIMCO 0-5 Sanadka Xisaabaadka Heerka Sare US Bond Index (KHS)
- PowerShares Heerka Hoose ee Sare ee Hantidhawrka Ganacsiga (PHB)
- Peritus High Exit ETF (HYLD)
- Suuqyada suuqa oo ku dhuftey Angel Bond ETF (ANGL)
- First Trust High yield ETF Long (Short ETF) (HYLS)
- Suuqyada Suuqa Suuq-gaduudka ah ee Bixinta Dheeraadka Dheeraadka ah ETF (THHY)
- ProShares Heerka Dakhliga Bixinta Dakhliga Sare ETF (HYHG)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2013 High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (BSJD)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2014 High Yield Bixinta Shirkadda ETF (BSJE)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2015 High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (BSJF)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2016 High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (BSJG)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2017 High Yield Bixinta Shirkadda ETF (BSJH)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2018 High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (BSJI)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2019 High Yield Bixinta Shirkadda ETF (BSJJ)
- Guggenheim BulletShares 2020 Abaalmarin Bixin Bixin ETF (BSJK)
Maalgashadayaasha sidoo kale waxay heli karaan helitaanka xirmooyinka sare ee caalamiga ah iyada oo loo marayo ETF-yada soo socda:
- iShares Global High Yield Fund Bond Fund (GHYG)
- Suuqyada Suuqyada Suuqyada Sare ee Sanduuqa Bonds Bond (IHY)
- iShares Global ka hor USD High Yield Fund Bond Authority (HYXU)
- PowerShares Global Gaabnaanta Gaabnaanta Waqti Gaaban Lacag Bandhiga (PGHY)
- Suuqyada Suuqyada Soo Saarista Suuqyada Habboon ee ETF-ga ah (HYEM)
- Suuqa Soodhaweynta Suuqyada Habboon ee Bixinta Bixinta (EMHY)
Diidmada : Macluumaadka ku yaal boggaan waxaa loogu talagalay ujeedooyinka doodda oo keliya, waana in aan lagu darin talobixinta maalgashiga. Xaaladna maahan macluumaadkani waxay u taagan tahay talo soo jeedin si aad uga iibsato ama u iibiso suuqgeyn. Markasta si taxadar leh u baar