Dhalashada Dhabarka Dhaqaalaha Dow Jones
Dhanka Dhaqaalaha Dow Jones waxaa abuuray nin loo yaqaan Charles Dow, oo ka mid ah aasaasayaasha Dow Jones & Co., isla shirkadaas oo dhalatay Wall Street Journal .
Sannadkii hore waxa uu dhashay 16-kii Febraayo, 1885, markii Charles uu daabacay celceliska maalinlaha ah ee laba iyo toban badeecooyin uu soo doortay, markii hore oo ka kooban laba shirkadood oo warshadaha iyo toban jidka tareenka. Sanado yar gudahood, wuxuu ku kordhiyay liiska ilaa labaatan stocks .
Afar sano kadib, Charles wuxuu xaqiiqsaday in shirkadaha warshadaha ay si deg deg ah uga noqdaan tareenada. Heerka asalka ah ee loo yaqaan 'Wall Street,' waxa loo yaqaan 'dib-u-habayn') waxaana loo beddelay Daar Jones Railway (sanadkii 1970-kii, magaca waxaa loo cusbooneysiiyey celceliska Gaadiidka Dowlaha ah si loogu daboolo hannaanka hawada iyo noocyada kale ee gaadiidka). Wuxuu ka dib abuuray saamiyo cusub oo ka kooban laba iyo toban shirkadood waxana uu ugu yeeray Dowlada Jaalliyadaha Daaruska ama DJIA muddo gaaban. Hannaanka lagu xisaabinayo tirooyinka la soo bandhigay ee tilmaamahan cusubi wuxuu isku mid ahaa: Wuxuu ku daray qiimaha saamiga shirkadaha uu doortay, isaga oo u qaybiyey tirada shirkadaha ku jira indexka wakhtigaas, oo uu daabacay natiijada.
Dakhliga ugu horeeyay ee daabacaadda ee Daar Jones Industrial Average ayaa ahaa 40.94. Shuruudaha fudud, macnaheedu waa qiimaha celceliska qiimaha labaatanaad ee Mr. Dow ayaa doortay $ 40.94.
The 12 Stocks Asalka
Laba darood oo asal ah oo ka mid ah Dowlaha Dhaqaalaha ee Dow Jones ayaa ka koobnaa dhammaan gebi ahaanba shirkadaha soo saara badeecadaha waxayna ahaayeen kuwo soo socda:
- Saliida American Oil
- Sonkor Maraykan ah
- American Tobacco
- Chicago Gas
- Cabbiridda & Quudinta Quudinta
- General Electric
- Laclede Gas
- Lead Leader
- Waqooyiga Ameerika
- Coal & Iron
- American Leather Pfd.
- US Rubber
Waqtigaas, kuwani waxay ahaayeen kuwo waaweyn, faa'iido leh, iyo shirkado ixtiraam leh. Inta badan waxaa ugu dambeyntii lagu badalay Dowlada Jarmalka ee Dowlaha Jarmalka, laakiin sida laga soo xigtay borofisar Jeremy Siegel, oo ah qoraaga Stocks for Long Run , dhammaantoodna waxay u baxsadeen inay mustaqbalka barwaaqo u yeeshaan saamileyda. Ka-reebitaankeedu wuxuu ahaa US Leather Corp., oo Siegel tilmaamtay in la daadiyey 1950-meeyadii. "Xildhibaanadu waxay heleen $ 1.50 oo lagu daray hal qayb oo Keta Oil & Gas ah; shirkad hore loo soo iibsaday. Laakiin sannadkii 1955, madaxweynaha, Lowell Birrell, oo markii dambe u baxsaday Brazil si uu uga baxsado masuuliyiinta Mareykanka, ayaa bililiqeystay hantida Keta. Xayiraadaha Maraykanka Leather, oo 1909-kii ahaa shirkad toddobaad ee ugu weyn Maraykanka, ayaa noqotay mid aan qiimo lahayn . "Waxaadna u maleyneysay Enron inuu yahay casriga casriga ah!
Isbedelka Wakhti ka Badan
Sannadkii 1916, Average Average Industrial End ayaa la cusbooneysiiyey oo ay ku jiraan 20 saamiyo (oo loo yaqaan "qaybo"). Sannadkii 1928, DJIA waxaa la ballaariyay ilaa 30 saamiyadood, taas oo ah xukunka maanta.
Tifaftireyaasha Wargeyska Wall Street Journal ayaa go'aaminaya shirkadaha ay ku jiraan Dammaanadda Warshadaha ee Dow Jones.
Ma jiraan sharciyo lagu daro, kaliya oo ah shuruudo ballaaran oo u baahan shuruudo waaweyn, la ixtiraamo, oo la taaban karo oo matalaya qeyb weyn oo ka mid ah hawlaha dhaqaale ee Mareykanka.
Halkee Maanta Maalinta
Dhibaatada amaahda iyo " Dhexdhexaad Ba'an " ee 2007-2009, Dowladdii Dhexe ee Ganacsiga ee Dow Jones ayaa hoos u dhacay isbeddel muhiim ah sida shirkadaha ku guuldareystey, la isku daray, ama si fudud looga soocay index. Laga soo bilaabo Juun 2009, 30da qaybood ee Dowlada ee hadda jira waa:
- Shirkadda 3M
- Alcoa
- American Express
- AT & T
- Bank of America
- Boeing
- Diirarka
- Chevron Corp
- Cisco
- DuPont
- Exxon Mobil Corp.
- General Electric
- Hewlett-Packard Co.
- Intel Corporation
- IBM
- Johnson & Johnson
- JP Morgan Chase
- Kraft Cuntada
- McDonald's
- Merck & Co., Inc.
- Microsoft
- Pfizer Inc.
- Coca-Cola
- Depot Home
- Wareegga & Khamaarista
- Safarrada
- United Technologies Corporation
- Verizon
- Wal-Mart
- Walt Disney
Dhibaatooyinka
Saameynta waxtarka leh ee xisaabtan waxay ahayd in saamiga saamiga ah ee $ 100 uu yeelan doono shan jeer saameynta ku leh DJIA mid ka mid ah $ 20 oo wadaago qiimaha (iska caadi ah, laakiin aanad heleynin), xataa haddii shirkad suuq-geynta suuqa oo ah toban jeer oo weyn! Taasina waa shirkad sida Berkshire Hathaway, oo si joogta ah u shaqeyneysa in ka badan $ 100,000 oo wadaag ah, laguma dari Karin Dowda iyada oo aan wax ka beddelin habka loo yaqaan 'module' sababta oo ah waxay si dhakhso ah u matali doontaa dhammaan mawduuca.
Khasaaradan ayaa si dhakhso ah u muuqatay markii ay shirkadaha ku dhawaaqeen kala qaybinta saamiyada iyo macaamilooyin kale oo wax ka beddelay sicirkooda mushaharka. Shirkad sii kordheysa, si ay saamiyadooda ugu dhejiso, waxay labalaabi karaan saamiyadooda sare ee ayagoo kala qaybinaya 2-1. Sidaa darteed, $ 80 saamiyeyn ah ayaa dhici doonta ilaa $ 40, laakiin waxaa jiri doona laba jeer saamiyo badan oo aad u sareeya. Marka la eego xisaabinta asalka ah ee loo yaqaan 'Dow Jones Industrial Industrial', isbedelka is-qurxinta ee isbeddelka ah wuxuu keenayaa DJIA hoos u dhaca xiitaa haddii kaydka uu kordho qiimaha!
Si loo mag-tiriyo, qaybiyaha DJIA waxaa si isdaba-yare ah loogu hagaajiyaa dhacdooyinka shirkadaha iyo macaamilka. Sheekada dheer ee gaaban, haddii ay dhacdo kala qaybsanaansho , qiimaha dakhliga Dowlda Dow Jones waxaa loo xisaabiyaa labadaba kahor iyo kadibba. Qaybta kala-guurka ka dib ayaa la beddelay si isbeddelka qiimaha saamiyada ee shirkadu uu natiijooyinka isbeddelka guud ee isbeddelka guud u eego sida haddii kala-guurka aysan marnaba dhicin.
Sida laga soo xigtay wargayska Wall Street , qaybta hadda waa 0.132319125. Waxaa loola jeedaa in $ 1 u guurto Duufaanta Dowda ay sababi doonto in ay ku dhaqaaqdo 7.56 dhibcood ee Dowlada Jaalliyadaha Dowlada.
Dhaqan ahaan, dhaleeceyntu waxay ku doodaan hab dhaqameedka asinine ah ee la iloobey xajmiga guud ee shirkad, isaga oo diiradda saaraya qiima aan macquul ahayn oo la beddeli karo iyada oo la wadaago qaybta dib loo soo celiyo ama soo saarista. Taasi waa sababta aad inta badan u heli lahayd maareeyayaasha lacagta xirfadlayaasha ah ee u adeegsanaya S & P 500 , taas oo u dhiganta guud ahaan suuqyada suuqa.