Saameynta lacagta xaddiga lacagtu waa Jeexan
Laguma daro noocyada kale ee hantida, sida maalgelinta , sinnaanta guriga, ama hantida. Waa in la iibiyaa si loogu beddelo lacagta. Sidoo kale kuma jiraan darajo, sida deynta, amaahda iyo kaararka deynta. Dadku waxay u isticmaalaan lacag ahaan sidii ay u hagaajin lahaayeen heerka noloshooda, laakiin maaha qayb ka mid ah lacagta.
Sida Loo Isticmaalo Lacagta Lacagta
Reserve Federal wuxuu qiyaasayaa bixinta lacagta Maraykanka ee M1 iyo M2. Nidaamka ugu badan ee dareere ah waa M1. Waxaa ku jira lacagta lacagta wareegga. Laguma darayo lacag lagu hayo Khasnadda Mareykanka, Bangiyada Dhexe ee Federaalka, iyo bangiyada dhexe. Waxaa ku jira dhammaan jeegaga socotada. Waxaa ka mid ah hubinta xisaabaadka xisaabaadka , oo ay ku jiraan kuwa bixiya dulsaar. Laguma daro xisaabinta lacag dhigashada xisaabaadka dawladda Maraykanka iyo bangiyada shisheeye.
M2 waxaa ku jira wax kasta oo ku jira M1. Waxay ku dareysaa xisaabaadka kaydka, xisaabaadka suuqyada suuqa , iyo dhaqaalaha maalgashi ee suuqa. Waxaa ka mid ah lacag dhigashada ka yar $ 100,000. Laguma daro mid ka mid ah koontooyinkan lagu haysto xisaabaadka hawlgabka IRA ama Keogh. Fedaraalka ayaa warbixino ku saabsan toddobaad kasta.
M3 waxaa ku jira wax kasta oo ku jira M2, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah lacagaha kaydka dheer iyo lacagaha suuqyada . M4 waxaa ku jira M3 iyo lacagaha kale. Bangiyada dhexe ee dalalka qaarkood waxaa ku jira qaabab kale oo lacag ah, inkasta oo qeexitaanku uu yahay mid aan caddayn oo ka duwana waddanka.
Lacagta Lacagta Lahaa Lama Yaabo Samee Cabbiraad waxtar leh
Bixinta lacagtu waxay si caadi ah u ballaarantay oo ay heshiis la gashay dhaqaalaha iyo sicir bararka. Sababtaas awgeed, dhaqaaleyahanka Milton Friedman ayaa sheegay in bixinta lacagta ay ahayd tilmaame wax ku ool ah.
Laakiin 1990-meeyadii, xidhiidhkaas ayaa isbeddelay. Dadku waxay lacag ka qaateen koontooyin kayd yar oo dulsaar ah waxayna ku maalgashiyeen suuqa saamiyada .
M2 ayaa hoos u dhacay sida dhaqaalaha iyo sicir bararka koray. Guddoomiyaha Maamulka Dhexe ee Federaalka Alan Greenspan ayaa waydiiyay faa'iidada cabbirka cabbirka lacagta. Waxa uu sheegay in haddii dhaqaaluhu uu ku tiirsanaado lacagta M2 ee koritaanka kobcitaanka, waxay noqon lahayd masiibo . Sababtaas darteed, Kaydka Federaalka ah ma sii dhigayaan bartilmaameedka lacagta.
Intee Lacag Lahaa Ayuu Ku Yaal Yahay Dalka Mareykanka
Bishii November 2017, M1 wuxuu ahaa $ 3.628 trillion. Taas waxaa ka mid ah $ 2.1 trillion oo lagu qabtay xisaabxirta xisaabaadka. Inta kale ($ 1.5 trillion) ayaa ahaa lacag caddaan ah iyo jeegaga socotada. In ka badan $ 1 trillion waxay ku jirtaa $ 100 biilasha. $ 300 oo kale ayaa ah $ 20 oo ah biilasha iyo kuwa kale ee hooseeya. Waxaa jira $ 300 milyan oo ah biilasha sare ee alaabooyinka leh.
Bangiyada ma haystaan lacagtaas. Dhamaan wareegga wareegga. Taasi waa $ 11,000 oo doollar oo qoys ah. Dadka intooda badan waxay isticmaalaan kaararka deynta iyo kaarka deynka halkii aad kaash ahayd. Taas macnaheedu waxa weeye waxay u badan tahay inay isticmaalaan kuwa aan doonaynin dakhligooda inay IRS ku wargeliyaan. Taas waxaa ka mid ah dambiilayaasha, kuwaas oo qarsoodi ah ay haysan karto malaayiin doolar oo qiimihiisu yahay $ 100 biil.
Tani, saddex-meelood laba dal ayaa la yaabay meel ka baxsan dalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha suuqa soo kordhay waxay u isticmaalaan dib u celinta iyagoo beddelaya lacagta ay u socdaan.
Sida safar badan oo yaqaana, $ 20 biilka ayaa ku wanaagsan dunida oo dhan.
Waxa kale oo ku jiri kara kuwa soo xaadiray macaashka naafada ee Lambarka Bulshada. Tirada sii kordheysa ee dadka da'doodu ka yar tahay 60 jir ayaa sidaas sameeyay tan iyo markii ay ka soo go'day. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan shaqooyinka dhulka hoostiisa oo kaliya oo bixiya lacagta. Habkaasi uma baahna inay u sheegto IRS oo lumiso faa'iidadooda.
M2 wuxuu ahaa $ 13.785 trillion. Inta badan lacagtaas ($ 9.1 trillion) waxay ku jirtey kaydka kaydka. Suuqa lacagtu waxay heysteen $ 702 bilyan oo lacag ah waqtigana lagu qabtay $ 400 bilyan. Inta kale waxay ahayd M1.
Kordhinta Sicirada Lacagta Uusan Sameeyn Karin Sicirada
Abriil 2008, M1 wuxuu ahaa $ 1.4 trillion, M2 wuxuu ahaa $ 7.7 trillion. Kaydadka Federaalka ayaa laba jibbaaray lacagaha si loo dhameeyo dhibaatada dhaqaale ee 2008 . Barnaamijka xaddidnaanta ee Fed-ka ee Fed ayaa sidoo kale ku daray $ 4 trillion oo deyn ahaan loo leeyahay bangiyada si ay u siijiraan dulsaarka dulsaarka .
Dad badan ayaa ka walwalsan in lacagta Fed ee ciriiriga ah ee lacagta iyo deynta ay abuuri doonto sicir barar . Sida shaxda hoose ee muujinaysa, ma aysan sameyn.
| Sannad | M2 (trillions) | Kobaca M2 | Sicir bararka | Wajiga Ganacsiga Wajiga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | $ 3.2 | 3.7% | 6.1% | Dhibaatada |
| 1991 | $ 3.4 | 3.1% | 3.1% | |
| 1992 | $ 3.4 | 1.5% | 2.9% | Ballaarinta |
| 1993 | $ 3.5 | 1.3% | 2.7% | |
| 1994 | $ 3.5 | 0.4% | 2.7% | |
| 1995 | $ 3.6 | 4.1% | 2.5% | |
| 1996 | $ 3.8 | 4.9% | 3.3% | |
| 1997 | $ 4.0 | 5.6% | 1.7% | |
| 1998 | $ 4.4 | 9.5% | 1.6% | |
| 1999 | $ 4.6 | 6.0% | 2.7% | |
| 2000 | $ 4.9 | 6.2% | 3.4% | |
| 2001 | $ 5.4 | 10.3% | 1.6% | Dhibaatada |
| 2002 | $ 5.7 | 6.2% | 2.4% | Ballaarinta |
| 2003 | $ 6.0 | 5.1% | 1.9% | |
| 2004 | $ 6.4 | 5.8% | 3.3% | |
| 2005 | $ 6.7 | 4.1% | 3.4% | |
| 2006 | $ 7.0 | 5.9% | 2.5% | |
| 2007 | $ 7.4 | 5.7% | 4.1% | |
| 2008 | $ 8.2 | 9.7% | 0.1% | Dhibaatada |
| 2009 | $ 8.5 | 3.7% | 2.7% | |
| 2010 | $ 8.8 | 3.6% | 1.5% | Ballaarinta |
| 2011 | $ 9.6 | 9.8% | 3.0% | |
| 2012 | $ 10.4 | 8.2% | 1.7% | |
| 2013 | $ 11.0 | 5.4% | 1.5% | |
| 2014 | $ 11.6 | 5.9% | 0.8% | |
| 2015 | $ 12.3 | 5.7% | 0.7% | |
| 2016 | $ 13.2 | 7.4% | 1.0% | |
| 2017 | $ 13.8 | 4.9% | 2.1% |
(Waxaa laga soo xigtey: "Taxanaha Lacagta Lacagta," Guddiga Maamulayaasha Habka Kaydka Federaalka.)
Sababtoo ah federeeynta Fed ee kobcinta dakhliga waxay faa'iido u tahay macaamiisha. Fedaraalka ayaa bangiyada siinaya deyn si ay u siiyaan macaamiisha iyo ganacsiyada yaryar. Taasi waxay kicin lahayd baahida. Banganku waxay ka cabanayaan inayan helin amaahda amaahda.
Taa baddalkeeda, lacagta Fed ayaa waxay abuurtay xayiraado taxane ah . Sannadkii 2011, maalgashadayaashu waxay u jeesteen badeecadaha, iyagoo qiimaha dahabka u diraya rikoodh sare. Maalgashadayaashu waxay markaa beddelaan qoraallada khasnadda sannadka 2012, ka dibna kaydkii sannadka 2013, iyo doolarka Maraykanka ee sannadka 2014 iyo 2015. Ballaarinta lacagaha ma aha had iyo jeer mid ka mid ah sababaha sicir-bararka . (Waxaa laga soo xigtey: "Lacagta Lacagta Lahaa Lahaa Lahaa, Laakiin Looma Tagin," Barron's, May 18, 2015.)