Geeddi socodka qallafsan wuxuu soo saaraa saameyn aad u qurux badan
Ereyga waxaa loo tarjumay ereyga Laatiinka ah ee loogu talagalay saxan yar. Inkasta oo ay badanaa tixraacayso habka kiimikada, patina macnaheedu wuxuu noqon karaa qaab kasta oo gaboobay oo sababa dabeecadda dabiiciga ah ama hoos u dhaca.
Jawaabaha kiimikada ee Patina
Maaddaama uu waayo-aragnimo u leeyahay dabiiciga ama dabiiciga ah ee bini-aadanka, wuxuu midabkiisu ka soo baxaa lafaha, dahabka dahabka sida caadiga ah ee la xidhiidha naxaas saafi ah oo si qoto dheer u caan ah, ugu dambaynna, oo ah buluug cagaaran iyo cagaar.
Waxyeellada kiimikada ee soo saarta patina waxay u dhacdaa sida filimka sulfofur iyo filim celinta sulphide filimka leh horumarinta cupric oxide on birta, sidaas daraadeed, mugdi madow.
Soo-gaadhista sii socota ee sulfurs iyo oxides waxay u badashaa filimka sulfide ee copper sulfate, taas oo ah midab buluug ah oo midab leh. Saline, ama badda, bay'adaha, patina dusha sare ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan bakteeriyada bakooraha ah, taas oo ah caleenta cagaaran.
Horumarka iyo midabka patina waxaa ugu dambeyntii go'aaminaya tiro doorsoomayaal ah, oo ay ku jiraan heerkulka, dhererka soo-gaadhista, qoyaanka, qoyaanka kiimikada iyo xaalad-karka mugga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guud ahaan, kobaca cagaarka cagaaran-cagaaran ee degaannada kala duwan ayaa lagu soo koobi karaa sida hoos ku qoran:
- Deegaanka Saltanka: 7-9 sano
- Deegaanka warshadaha: 5-8 sano
- Deegaanka magaalooyinka: 10-14 sano
- Degaan nadiif ah: ilaa 30 sano
Badbaadinta goobaha kontoroolka ah, horumarinta patina si toos ah loogama hortagi karo caanaha ama xirmooyinka kale ee korontada u adkaysta.
Patina ee Geology
Marka laga hadlayo dhulka jimicsiga, patina waxay tilmaamaysaa laba xaaladood oo suurtagal ah. Waa lakabka khafiifka ah ee khafiifka ah ama filim kaasoo ka muuqda dusha dhagaxa, sababtoo ah caleenta cayayaanka (cirifka lafdhabarka ah) ama duufaanka cimilada. Mararka qaarkood patina waxay ka timaadaa labada isku mid ah.
Patina ee dhismaha
Sababtoo ah sawirada sharafeed ee patina, alaabooyinka copper iyo copper, oo ay ku jiraan naxaas, ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa mashaariicda naqshadaha.
Dhismayaasha caanka ah ee sawirada buluuga ah ee cagaaran ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Aqoonsiga Liberty ee Magaalada New York, Baarlamaanka Canada ee Ottawa, Xarunta Sayniska Nemo ee Amsterdam, Minneapolis City Hall, Maktabada Peckham ee London, Museum of Capital in Beijing, iyo Kresge Auditorium ee Machadka Massachusetts ee Teknoolajiyada
Waxay u isticmaashaa sharraxaadda loo yaqaan 'Patina'
Guryaha dhismaha ee loo baahan yahay, horumarinta patina waxaa badanaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa daaweynta kiimikada ee muraayadda ama muraayada. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaana sida baaskiilka. Sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Horumarinta Copper (CDA), daawooyinka soo socda ayaa loo isticmaalay inay soo bandhigaan fal-celin kiimikaad oo horseedi karta koritaanka hore ee patina:
Dhammaadkii dhoobo qoto dheer:
- Saldhigga ammonium sulfide
- Saldhigga potassium sulfide
Wareegtada cagaaran waxay ku dhammaataa:
- Saldhigga ammonium sulfate
- Saldhigga ammonium chloride
- Saliideedka Hoorka / Hydrochloric acid