Investing Lesson 4 - Falanqaynta Bayaanka Dakhliga
Qeybta soo socota ee warbixinta dakhliga waxaan u baahanahay in aan wax ka barano dadaalkaaga si aad u baratid falanqaynta dakhliga dakhliga, qiimaha alaabta la iibiyo, ama COGS gaaban, waxay u taagan tahay kharashka shirkadu bixisay si loo soo saaro, ama adeegga macaamiisha ugu dambeeya. Qiimaha alaabta la iibiyey waxaa ka mid ah wax kasta oo ka yimaada sicirka iibka ee alaabta ceeriin illaa kharashka loo bedelay alaabta, baakada ku hareeraysan lacagaha xamuulka ah ee la bixiyo si loo siiyo raxinka dukaanka.
Qaar ka mid ah wareegyada, qiimaha alaabta la iibiyay (COGS) ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan qiimaha dakhliga ama qiimaha iibka.
Ku noqosho tusaale ahaan pizza pizza ka hor inta aan casharkan maalgashanayn, kharashka alaabadaada la iibiyay (COGS) waxaa ku jiri doona lacagta aad gadatay alaabta sida iibka burka iyo yaanyo, sanduuqa aad isticmaashay , iyo xaddiga lacagta aad bixisay iibiyeha makhaayadda ee baakooyinka shakhsiga ee jiiska Parmesan. Waxay ku jiri doontaa lacagta aad ku bixiso Coca-Cola, Pepsi, iyo / ama shirkadda Pepper Snapple Group / shirkadaha si ay u buuxiyaan sharoobada ee ilaha soodhaha.
Kharashka alaab iibinta ee doolarka doolarka ayaa ku kala duwanaan doona ku xiran nooca ganacsiga aad leedahay ama aad ka iibsato saamiyada saamiyada . Shirkad ruqsuusin ah, koox xayeysiis, ama shirkad sharci ayaa haysan kharash aan la iibin marka la barbar dhigo ganacsiyada wax soo saarka ee caadiga ah sababtoo ah waxay iibinayaan adeeg iyo maaha wax la taaban karo.
Taa baddalkeeda, kharashyada intooda badani waxay muujinayaan qayb ka duwan qoraalka dakhliga waxaan ka hadli doonnaa mar dambe loo yaqaan " Selling, General, iyo Kharashka Maamulka, ama kharashyada SG & A.
Isku day inaad ogaatid sida kharashka qaraabada ee dakhliga, kharashka iibka, ama kharashka alaabta la iibinayo (COGS) isbarbar dhiga rakibayaasha dhexdooda
Ka hor intaadan maalgashan ganacsi, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad baaris ku samayso warshadaha aad baareyso oo aad ogaato waxa loo arko mid caadi ah, ama wanaagsan, qiimaha alaabada iibka ee iibka ah ee iibka.
Shirkadaha saliidda qodaya, mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee aad u baahan tahay inaad tixgeliso waa kharashka halkii foosto si aad saliidda uga soo baxdo dhulka, loo nadiifiyo, loona iibiyo. Tani waa, sida dhabta ah, kharashka alaabta loo iibiyo shirkadda shidaalka. Haddii hal shirkadood oo ka mid ah kharashka hooseeya uu ka badan yahay tartamayaashiisa, waxay leedahay faa'iido kala duwan, waxayna keenaysaa faa'iido badan oo u dhaxeeya milkiilayaasha ama saamileyda, gaar ahaan inta lagu jiro xilliga ay jiraan qiimaha saliidda. Tani waa mid ka mid ah sababaha saliidaha waaweyn sida ExxonMobil ay awood u leeyihiin in ay iibsadaan hantida dhibaatada iyo khasaarijinta tartamayaasha inta lagu jiro tamarta tamarta.
Wax kale oo aad rabto in aad isku daydo oo aad ogaatid waa sheyga shirkad uu leeyahay kharash gaar ah. Maalgashiga Southwest Airlines, kharashka shidaalka jetka - sidaas awgeed, saliidda iyo dayactirka - waa qiimaha ugu muhiimsan ee shirkaddu leedahay. Wixii Starbucks ama Folgers, kan dambe ee hadda waa qeyb ka mid ah JM Smucker, waa qaxwo. Coca-Cola, qiimaha sonkorta iyo galleyda waa mid aad muhiim u ah. Mid ka mid ah sababaha qaar maal-galiyayaashu ay aad u guulaysteen waa sababta oo ah waxay ogyihiin xiriirka saxda ah ee u dhaxeeya faa'iidada iyo qiimaha alaabta la iibiyay. Warren Buffett ayaa ogaaday 12 wiqiyadood oo ah tirooyin faa'iido leh oo loogu talagalay adeegga Coca-Cola oo ay daawadaan qiimaha sonkorta si joogto ah.
Haddii aad tahay shirkad yar oo nacnac ah, ama xitaa shirkad weyn oo cabitaan ah sida Coke, waqtiyada sida Waqooyiga ilaa Luuliyo ee 2009 ayaa ku adkeyn lahaa ganacsigaaga sida qiimaha sonkorta ku dhawaad ​​labanlaaban iyada oo aan digniin bixin. Maalgashad ahaan, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ka war hayso khatarta ganacsigu wajahayo sababtoo ah kharashka qiimaha sareeya ee iibka alaabta loo iibiyo iyadoon loo eegin haddii aad iibsanayso saamiyada saamiyada, iibsashada ganacsiga maxalliga ah, ama bilawgaaga bilawgaaga.