Taariikhda Antimoni
Masaaridii hore waxay u adeegsadeen qaabab ka mid ah antimoni ee kokhaasta iyo daawooyinka qiyaastii 5000 oo sano ka hor. Dhakhaatiirta Giriigga ah ee Giriigga ah waxay u qoreen budo liddi ku ah daaweynta cudurrada maqaarka, iyo inta lagu guda jiro da'da Dhexe ee Dhexdhexaadiyayaashu waxay daneynayeen alhimistaha siiyey calaamadda astaankiisa. Xitaa waxaa la soo jeediyay in dhimashada Mozart ee 1791 ay sabab u tahay isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee dawooyinka antimoni-ku salaysan.
Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah buugaagada ugu horreeya ee metalluriga ah ee lagu daabacay Yurub, hababka adag ee lagu kala takooro biraha antimoney waxaa laga yaabaa inay yaqaanaan farmashiyeyaasha Talyaaniga 600 sano ka hor.
Qarnigii 15aad
Mid ka mid ah isticmaalka dabiiciga ugu horreeya ee mitirka ayaa yimid bartamihii qarnigii 15aad markii lagu darey sidii wakiil adag oo lagu daabacay nooca daabacaadda ee biraha loo adeegsado Johannes Gutenberg oo ah wargeyska ugu horreeya ee daabacaadda.
By 1500s, antimony waxaa lagu soo warramay in lagu daro alloy loo isticmaalo si loo soo saaro gambaleelka kaniisadaha sababtoo ah waxay keentay in codka wacan marka la dhuftay.
Qarnigii 17aad
Qarniga qarniga 17-aad, antimoon ayaa marka hore lagu darey sidii adoo adkeynaya qashin-qubka (xajmiga rasaasta iyo qasaca ). Britannia metal, oo ah caarad la mid ah qashinka, kaas oo ka samaysan duug, antimony, iyo naxaas , ayaa la sameeyey horaanba, ka hor markii la soo saaray 1770 Sheffield, England.
In badan oo ka mid ah qashinka, kaas oo lahaa in la tuuro, Britannia bir ah ayaa la door biday, maxaa yeelay waxaa lagu dari karaa go'yaal, gooyaa oo xitaa lathed.
Birta Britannia, oo wali la isticmaalo illaa hadda, ayaa markii hore loo isticmaalay in lagu sameeyo qoryaha, koofiyadaha, shamaca, iyo dabacsanaanta.
Sanadkii 1824
Qiyaastii 1824-kii, bir metallurguriste lagu magacaabo Isaac Babbitt ayaa noqday kii ugu horreeyey ee soo saaraha muraayadaha muraayadaha laga sameeyay biraha Britannia. Laakiin waxtarkiisa ugu wayn ee horumarinta dareenka qunyar-socodka ah ma uusan iman ilaa 15 sanadood ka dib markii uu bilaabay tijaabinta alaabooyinka si uu u yareeyo khatarta mashiinka faasasta.
Sanadkii 1939, Babbitt wuxuu abuuray alaabo ka kooban 4 qaybood oo bakteeriyo, 8 qaybood oo antimoni ah iyo 24 qaybood oo khafiif ah, taas oo marka dambe loo yiqiin inay si fudud u yaqaanaan Babbitt (ama biraha Babbitt).
Sanadkii 1784
Sanadkii 1784, British General Henry Shrapnel wuxuu soo saaray hogaamiye rasaas ah oo ay ku jirto 10-13 boqolkiiba khilaafka oo la abuuri karo xabbado qallafsan oo loo adeegsan karo qolalka laftirka ah ee 1784. Sababtoo ah milatari Ingiriis ah oo kobcinta tiknoolajiyadda Shrapnel qarnigii 19aad, oo ah birta istiraatiiji ah 'Shrapnel' (rasaas) ayaa loo adeegsaday inta lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee dunida, taas oo keentay in wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee la dagaallanka musuqmaasuqa in ka badan laba jibbaar ilaa 82,000 tan oo 1916 ah.
Ka dib dagaalka, warshadaha gawaarida ee Maraykanka ayaa dhiirigeliyay baahida cusub ee alaabooyinka lidka ku ah macaamiisha iyada oo loo marayo isticmaalka batariyada aashitada acid-ka ah halkaa oo ay la socoto qulqulato si ay u adkeeyaan qalabka saxda ah. Batariyeyaasha kuriirta-acid ayaa weli ah isticmaalka ugu weyn ee isticmaalka antimonyada.
Waxyaabaha kale ee Antimoni ah waxay Isticmaalaan
Horraantii 1930-kii, dawladda hoose ee Gobolka Guizhou, oo ah mid gaaban oo dahab ah, lacag ah ama mid kasta oo qaali ah, ayaa la bixiyaa shinni laga sameeyay alaab-sunta rasaasta. Laba milyan oo shilin ayaa lagu soo warramey in la tuuray, laakiin ay jilicsan yihiin oo u nugul yihiin inay sii xumaadaan (maaha in la xuso, sunta), lacagta liddi lacageed ma aysan qabin.
Ilaha
Pewterbank.com. Britannia Metal waa Pewter .
URL: http://www.pewterbank.com/html/britannia_metal.html
Wikipedia. Babbitt (bir ah) .
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babbitt_(alloy)
Hull, Charles. Mishiinka . Shire Publications (1992).
Butterman, WC iyo JF Carlin Jr. USGS. Macluumaadka Badeecada Macdanta: Antimoni . 2004.
URL: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-019/of03-019.pdf