Kharashka joogtada ah ee dagaalka Ciraaq
Dagaalku wuxuu ku daray in ka badan $ 1 trillion in deynta Mareykanka .
Taas waxaa ka mid ah kordhinta Wasaaradda Difaaca (DoD) iyo miisaaniyada aasaasiga ah ee Maamulka Veterans (VA). Miisaaniyadda aasaasiga ah ee DoD ayaa kor u kacday $ 193 bilyan intii lagu jiray dagaalkii Ciraaq. Miisaaniyadda VA waxay kordhisay $ 47.7 bilyan. Qaar ka mid ah kuwa kor u kaca ayaa sabab u ah Dagaalka Afgaanistaan .
Waxa kale oo ka mid ah $ 819.7 bilyan oo ka mid ah miisaaniyada hawlgallada dib-u-heshiisiinta (OCO) oo si gaar ah loogu qoondeeyey Dagaal Ciraaq. Taasi waxay ka badan tahay $ 738 bilyan oo ah qiimaha sicir-baraha ah ee lagu kharash gareeyey Dagaalkii Vietnam. Waa tan labaad oo kaliya $ 4.1 trillion ee dollarka lagu qiimeeyay ee lagu qiimeeyay intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Wixii dheeraad ah ee ku saabsan sida loo go'aamiyo kharashka dhabta ah ee difaaca, fiiri Miisaaniyadda Milatariga Maraykanka .
Jadwalka Kharashka Dagaalka Ciraaq
Halkan waxaa ah waqtiyo isku mid ah wixii dhacay sannad kasta. Kharashyada waxaa laga soo qaatey Warbixinta Miisaaniyadda Adeegyada Miisaaniyadda 2014 iyo warbixinnada dowladda dhexe ee kharajka. Jadwalka soo koobaya kharashyadani waa ka hooseeya.
FY 2003 - $ 90.3 bilyan: Bishii Maarso 19-keedii, Mareykanka ayaa ku soo duulay Iraq "Shock and Awe." Bambo culus iyo weerar duqayn ah oo ay ku qaadeen maamulka Hussein bishii xigta.
FY 2004 - $ 90.9 bilyan: Bishii Abriil, Maraykanku wuxuu hareeraheeda ku hareeraysan magaalada Sunni ee magaalada Falluja. Bishii la soo dhaafay, sawirada jirdilka xabsiga Abu Ghraib ayaa sii daayay kacdoonsanayaasha.
Bishii Juun, Mareykanka wuxuu u magacaabay hoggaamiyaha Shiiciga ah Iyad Allawi oo ah raisal wasaare. Inkastoo taasi dhacdo, Shia xagjirnimada ayaa laba bilood ka dib ku rogtay Maraykanka oo ku yaal Najaf. Bishii Nofeember, ciidamada Milatari ee Maraykanku waxa ay weerar ku qaadeen ficil aad u weyn oo ka dhan ah mucaaradka Sunniyiinta ah ee Falluja. Wixii dheeraad ah ee ku saabsan siyaasadda gudaha, fiiri Sunni-Shia Split .
FY 2005 - $ 105.8 bilyan: Bishii Abriil, ayaa Ciraq loo magacaabay hoggaamiyaha Kurdida Jalaal Talabani, iyo Shiite Ibrahim Jaafari oo ah Ra'iisal Wasaare. Bishii Maajo, mucaaradka Sunni ayaa 672 qof ku qarxiyay bamka, laba jeer ayaa la dilay bishii April. Bishii Oktoobar, codbixiyayaashu waxay ansixiyeen dastuur cusub. Waxaa loogu talagalay in la abuuro dimoqraadiyad federaali ah Bishii Disembar, waxay doorteen baarlamaan cusub.
FY 2006 - $ 108.3 bilyan: Mareykanka ayaa ka jawaabey rabshadaha sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya Shiitiyada, Suniya, iyo Kurdida kuwaas oo ku dhintay in ka badan 34,000 oo rayid ah. Bishii Febraayo, Suniya waxay bambo qarxisay muhiimad Shia ah oo ku taalla Samarra. Bishii Abriil, ayaa dhowaan la doortay madaxweyne Talabani ayaa ka codsaday musharaxa shiikh Nouri al-Maliki inuu sameeyo dowlad cusub. Hoggaamiyaha al-Qaida, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, ayaa lagu dilay Ciraaq. Bishii Nofeembar, Ciraaq iyo Suuriya waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ka dib 25 sano. Degaanka Shia ee Sadr City ee Ciraaq, ayaa in ka badan 200 ku dhintey qarxinta baabuurta.
Bishii Diseembar, Saddam Hussein ayaa si dagan loo toogtay.
FY 2007 - $ 155.9 bilyan: Bush wuxuu ku dhawaaqay kordhin 20,000 oo askari oo dheeraad ah oo Mareykanka ah si ay gacan uga geystaan awoodda ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Ciraaq. Bishii Febraayo, in ka badan 130 askari ayaa lagu dilay bambooyin ku yaalla suuqa Sadriya ee Baghdad. Bishii Maarso, boqollaal kale ayaa la dilay markii Sunnis ay qarxisay saddex baabuur oo gaas la gooyey gaaska sunta ah ee Falluja iyo Ramadi. Bishii Abriil, 200 oo qof ayaa ku dhintay bam ku yaal Baghdad. Bishii Agoosto, 250 qof ayaa lagu dilay tuulooyinka iyo bamka baabuurta laba tuulo kurdi ah. Shia iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha Kurdida ayaa sameeyay isbahaysi si ay u taageeraan Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Maliki. Qandaraaslayaal Mareykan ah oo ilaalada ammaanka Blackwater ayaa dilay 17 qof oo rayid ah oo ku yaalla magaalada Baghdad. Bishii Diseembar, Britain waxay wareejisay ciidamada gobolka Basra ee Ciraaq.
Bishii Jannaayo, Baarlamaanka Ciraaq wuxuu u oggolaaday madaxdii hore ee Saddam Hussein's Batha Party in uu ku laabto nolosha dadweynaha.
In Maarso, Madaxweynaha Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ayaa booqday. Boqollaal ayaa la dilay markii ra'iisal wasaaraha Maliki uu ku dileen Mehtudda Sadr's Mehdi Army ee Basra. Bishii Sebtembar, Mareykanka ayaa ku wareejiyay gobolka Sunni ee Anbar oo ku yaalla dawladda Shiicada ah. Bush ayaa saxeexay heshiiska Aqoonsiga Ciidamada ee ballanqaaday in ciidammo Mareykan ah laga saaro Ciraaq sanadkii 2011-kii. (Source: "Miyuu Obama ka tagay Ciraaq?" NPR, December 19, 2015.)
FY 2009 - $ 132.9 bilyan : Bishii Jannaayo, Ciraq ayaa gacanta ku haysay amniga Baakada Cagaaran ee Ciraaq. Bishii Juun, ciidamada Maraykanku waxay ka baxeen magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka oo dhan, oo ay waajibaad ku saaran yihiin Ciraaq. Bishii July, Masoud Barzani (KDP) ayaa dib loo doortay madaxweyne. In Bishii Disembar, kooxda Islamic State ayaa sheegatay mas'uuliyadda qaraxyadii ismiidaamiska ahaa ee Ciraaq lagu dilay ugu yaraan 367 qof sanadkii. Xiisadda ayaa ku sii fidday Iiraan markii ay ciidamadeeda si kooban u qabsadeen dhul saliideed oo ku yaal dhulka Ciraaq. Bishii Nofeembar, Madaxweyne Obama ayaa isku raacay in uu ciidamo ku soo rido 2011.
FY 2010 - $ 83.4 bilyan oo doollar: Askar ayaa ka baxay 50,000 oo askari si ay ugala taliyaan ciidamada Ciraaq iyo ilaalinta danaha Maraykanka ilaa 2011.
FY 2011 - $ 50.9 billion: Ciidamada Mareykanka oo dhan ayaa ka baxay Ciraaq dhamaadkii December. Dawladda Shiicada waxay xakamaysay tirada dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Sunniga ah. Milatariga Ciraaq ayaa noqday mid daciif ah. Labada labada ayaa kor u kacay kacdoonka kooxda Islamic State.
2012-2014 - $ 7.8 bilyan: Mareykanka ayaa taageeray qandaraaslayaashii ku sugnaa Ciraaq si ay u ilaaliyaan danaha Maraykanka.
2015-2016 - $ 38.7 bilyan: Ciidamada ayaa ku soo laabtay Ciraaq si ay u tababaraan askarta maxalliga ah si ay uga guuleystaan kooxda Islamic State. (Source: " Kharashka Ciraaq, Afgaanistaan, iyo Dagaalka kale ee Caalamiga ah ee Hawlgallada Argagixisada Tan iyo 9/11 ," Jaantuska A1, Amy Belasco, Adeegga Cilmi-baarista ee Congress, March 29, 2014. "Profile for Iraq", "BBC").
Jadwalka Dagaalka Ciraaq ee Ciraaq (Summary)
| FY | Kordhinta Miisaaniyadda DoD | OCO ee dagaalka Ciraaq | Kordhinta miisaaniyadda VA | Wadarta | Boots on Ground * | Faallooyin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | $ 36.7 | $ 51.0 | $ 2.6 | $ 90.3 | 123,700 | Shock iyo Awe |
| 2004 | $ 11.6 | $ 76.7 | $ 2.6 | $ 90.9 | 142,600 | Drawdown |
| 2005 | $ 23.6 | $ 79.1 | $ 3.1 | $ 105.8 | 157,982 | |
| 2006 | $ 10.5 | $ 96.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 108.3 | 133,718 | Dagaalkii xooganaa |
| 2007 | $ 20.9 | $ 130.8 | $ 4.2 | $ 155.9 | 161,783 | Xoogaa kor u kac. |
| 2008 | $ 47.5 | $ 143.9 | $ 5.4 | $ 196.8 | 148,500 | Dhamaan. |
| 2009 | $ 34.2 | $ 93.1 | $ 5.6 | $ 132.9 | 114,300 | Ciidamada ayaa ka baxaya magaalooyinka. |
| 2010 | $ 14.7 | $ 64.8 | $ 3.9 | $ 83.4 | 47,305 | Drawdown. |
| 2011 | $ 0.3 | $ 46.5 | $ 3.3 | $ 50.9 | 11,455 | Isku duubo. Qandaraaslayaashu waxay sii wadaan inay ilaaliyaan danaha Mareykanka. |
| 2012 | $ 2.2 | $ 20.3 | $ 2.3 | $ 24.8 | 0 | |
| 2013 | - $ 34.9 | $ 7.7 | $ 2.6 | - $ 24.6 | 0 | |
| 2014 | $ 0.8 | $ 4.8 | $ 2.0 | $ 7.6 | 0 | |
| 2015 | - $ 0.2 | $ 5.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 6.6 | Ilaa ilaa 3,100 | Ciidamada ayaa ku soo laabtay tababarka Ciraaq si ay ula dagaallamaan kooxda Islaamiga ah ee Islaamka |
| 2016 | $ 25.6 | na | $ 6.5 | $ 32.1 | Ilaa 4,087 | |
| WADARTA | $ 193.5 | $ 819.7 | $ 47.7 | $ 1,060.9 |
* Boots on Ground waa tirada ciidamada ee Ciraaq. Laga bilaabo 2003 - 2013 waa tan Diisambar sanadkaas. 2014 waa laga bilaabo Maajo. Laga soo bilaabo "Kharashka Ciraaq, Afgaanistaan, iyo Dagaalka kale ee Caalamiga ah ee Hawlgallada Argaggixisada Tan iyo 9/11," Jaantuska A-1. Amy Belasco, Adeega Cilmi-baarista ee Kongareeska, Maarso 29, 2014. 2015 wuxuu ku jiraa rubacii afaraad, iyo 2016 waxay ka bilaabantaa wareegga labaad. Laga soo bilaabo " Qandaraasle Qandaraasle Wasaarada Gaashaandhiga ee Ciraaq iyo Afgaanistaan: 2007-2016 ," Jaantus 3 Heidi M. Peters, Adeegga Cilmi-baarista ee Kongareeska, Ogost 15, 2016. OMB, Jumladaha Taariikhda)
Kharashka Dagaalka Ciraaq ee Ciidammada Ciraaq
Qiimaha dhabta ah ee dagaalka Ciraaq wuxuu ka badan yahay $ 1.06 trillion oo lagu daray deynta. Ugu horreyntii, iyo ugu muhiimsan, waa kharashka 4,488 oo askar Maraykan ah oo dhintay, 32,226 oo lagu dhaawacay, iyo qoysaskooda.
In ka badan 90 boqolkiiba askarta ku dhaawacmeen Ciraaq ayaa ka badbaaday mahadnaqa daawada khatarta ah. Taasi waxay ka timid boqolkiiba 86.5 oo ku dhaawacmay kuwaas oo ka badbaaday dagaalkii Vietnam. Heerka sare ee badbaadada ayaa sidoo kale macnaheedu yahay in dad badani ay tahay inay ku noolaadaan waxyeelo adag oo culus. Labaatan boqolkiiba ayaa lagu daweeyaa Dhaawaca Maskaxda ee Maskaxda. Boqolkiiba 20 kale ayaa leh Dhibaatooyin Walaac leh ama Niyadjab. Intaa waxaa dheer, 796 waxay la kulantay xubin ka mid ah xubinta taranka, halka 235 ay u dhinteen dhaawacyo isdaba-joog ah intii ay ka shaqeynayeen Ciraaq.
Celcelis ahaan, 20 askari oo isdaba jooga ah ayaa maalin walba is dilaya sida ku cad daraasadda VA 2016. Ciidamadii Ciraaq iyo Afgaanistaan ee Maraykanku (IAVA) ayaa helay in boqolkiiba 47 xubnaha xubnahoodu ay ogaadeen qof isku dayay inuu is dilo ka dib markii uu ka soo laabtay waajibaad firfircoon. Kooxdu waxay tixgelinaysaa dilitaanka askariga ah in ay noqoto mid ka mid ah arimihiisa tirada. Hannah Fischer, Febraayo 19, 2014. "Kooxda Hawlgalladda Dagaalka" oo bilaabaysa Ololaha Ka Hortagga Is-miidainta, "Washington Post , Maarso 24, 2014.)
Qiimaha lacagaha bukaanka ah ee caafimaadka iyo naafanimada 40-ka sano ee soo socda waa in ka badan $ 1 trillion. Taasina waa Linda Bilmes, oo ah macallin sare oo ka tirsan dhaqaalaha dadweynaha ee Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "Qiimaha daryeellayaasha hoyga dagaalku sida caadiga ah waxay soo fiiqayaan 30 illaa 40 sano ama ka badan kadib isku dhac," ayuu yiri Bilmes. Wargeyska Watson ee Jaamacadda Brown, September 2016. "Ciraaq dagaalku waxa ay ku nool yihiin Maraykanka, oo ah deyn" US Dollar "," BusinessWeek ", January 3, 2012." Ciidamadii ugu dambeeyay ee Maraykanku waxay sii daayeen Ciraaq, "Bloomberg , Maarso 19, 2013).
Kharashka dhaqaalaha
Inta badan qoysaska Maraykanku ma dareemin kharashka dagaalkii Ciraaq waqtigaa. Marka hore, ma jirin wax sharci qabyo ah markii uu joogay dagaalkii Vietnam ama Dagaalkii Dunida II. Marka labaad, ma jirin canshuur dheeraad ah. Natiijo ahaan, kuwa u adeegay iyo qoysaskooduba waxay dhaleen xayawaanka. Waxay bixin doonaan ugu yaraan $ 300 bilyan oo ah tobannaan sanadood ee soo socda si ay ugu bixiyaan xubnaha qoyska ee dhaawacmay. Taasi kuma jirto dakhliga lumay shaqooyinka ay ka baxaan si ay u daryeelaan qaraabadooda.
Jiilalka mustaqbalka ayaa sidoo kale bixin doona deynka. Cilmi-baaraha Ryan Edwards ayaa ku qiyaasay in Maraykanka uu ku kacay $ 453 bilyan oo dheeraad ah oo daneynaya deynta si uu u bixiyo kharashaadka Bariga Dhexe. Muddo ka dib 40 sano ee soo socota, kharashyadan ayaa ku dari doona $ 7.9 trillion deynta. (Waxaa laga soo xigtey: "Kharashka Dagaalka," Watson Institute, September 2016)
Shirkadaha, gaar ahaan ganacsiyada yaryar, ayaa khalkhalsiiyay Amniga Qaranka iyo Kaydinta Dhaqaalaha. Dhaqaalaha ayaa sidoo kale laga saaray qaybta wax soo saarka ee xubnaha adeega la dilay, dhaawacmay, ama maskax ahaanba loo geeriyooday.
Waxaa sidoo kale jira kharashka fursada shaqo abuurista . $ 1 bilyan oo bilyan oo ah kharashka difaaca ayaa abuuraya 8,555 shaqooyin waxaana lagu daray $ 565 milyan dhaqaalaha. Taasi oo ah $ 1 bilyan oo canshuur dhimis ah ayaa kicisa baahida loo qabo in la abuuro 10,779 shaqooyin. Taasi waxay $ 505 milyan oo doolar ah ku dartay dhaqaalaha sida iibka dukaamada . Isla la mid ah $ 1 bilyan oo loogu talagalay waxbarashada ayaa ku daraysa $ 1.3 bilyan oo ah dhaqaalaha waxana uu abuuraa 17,687 shaqooyin.
Sababaha
Maamulka Bush wuxuu rabay in uu tirtiro khatarta argagixisanimada ee hoggaamiyaha Ciraaq, Saddam Hussein. Ma uusan xiriirin al-Qaida. Laakiin wuxuu ahaa muslimiin Sunni ah oo isticmaalay rabshad si loo ballaariyo awooddiisa.
Saddam Hussein wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyaha Ciraaq ee Ciraaq laga soo bilaabo 1979-kii illaa iyo markii Maraykanku soo duulay 2003-dii. Maraykanka ayaa hogaaminayay hoggaamiye ka tirsanaa Shiite. Sunnis waxay aamminsan yihiin in Shiite (inta badan Iran) ay doonayaan in ay dib u soo nooleeyaan xukunka Faaris ee Bariga Dhexe. Sunni-Shiicadani waa kala-go'doon ahaanta xoogga ah ee ka jirta degaanka. Sacuudi Sacuudi Carabiya iyo Shiicada Iran ayaa la dagaalamaya si ay u xakameeyaan Xuduudaha Hormuz taas oo boqolkiiba 20 ka mid ah saliidda adduunka.
Maraykanku wuxuu rabay in uu dhiso dowlad taageersan Mareykanka Mareykanka si uu u xasiliyo gobolka. Waxay u maleysey in ay jabin doonto caqabadaha u dhexeeya Iran Shiites iyo Sacuudi Carabiya. Waxay sidoo kale cadaadin doontaa boqortooyooyinka Bariga Dhexe si loogu oggolaado dimuqraadiyad badan. Kadibna waxay joojinayaan in ay ilaaliyaan al-Qaida iyo kooxaha kale ee argagixisada ee Maraykanka.
Maamulka ayaa u maleynayay in Hussein uu ka halis badan yahay kaligii taliyaha North Korea ee Kim Jong-il. Wuxuu argagixisanimadiisa ku maalgelin karaa dakhliga saliidda. Askarigu marnaba ma helin saqafka kiimikada, nukliyeerka, ama hubka noolaha ee burbur weyn. Laakiin waxaa jiray arrin aad u walaacsan in Xuseen uu ahaa dhismahaas. Waxa uu hubka kiimikada u isticmaalay Kurtdiyada Ciraaq.
Labada xisbi ee Congress iyo 70 qof oo ka mid ah dadka Maraykanka, ayaa taageeray dagaalka. Fikrado badan oo aannu ku fashilmaynay in aannu iska tirtiray Hussein dagaalkii hore ee Khaliijka, kadib markii uu ku soo duulay Kuwait. Walaacani wuxuu sii kordhay 9/11kii. Waxaa intaa dheer, Dagaalkii Afgaanistaan wuxuu si deg deg ah uga carooday Daalibaan. Taageerayaashu waxay u maleyn jireen in Ciraaq dagaalku si sahal ah u guuleysan lahaa. (Source: "Maxay Cunsuriyadeenta Miyay Noqotay?" Dib-u-eegista Qaranka, Maarso 26, 2013.)
Ciraaq ka dib Dagaalkii
Dagaalka Ciraaq ma ahan xitaa inkasta oo ciidamada Mareykanka ay baxayaan. Dagaalka udhexeeya reer guud ahaan Shiicada iyo qowmiyada Sunni ayaa sii socota. Sunniyiin ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeeda dawladda Shiicada ah. Dhibaatooyinkan ayaa xoojiya khilaafaadka Suuriya iyo Lubnaan.
Dhab ahaantii, 2013 wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dhimashada badnaa tan iyo 2008, heerka sare ee dagaalka. Dagaalka ayaa wiiqay Al-Qa'ida ee Ciraaq, Afgaanistaan, iyo Pakistan. Laakiin niyad-jabka ayaa abuuray hanjabaad argagixiso cusub. Kooxda Islaamiga ah ee Islaamiga ah ayaa ballan-qaaday dhul cusub oo loogu talagalay Suniyada gobolka. Kharashka lagula dagaalamayo kooxda Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq ayaa ku faafay Suuriya, Jordan iyo Lubnaan. Kooxda Islaamiga ah ee Islaamku waxay dagaal ku qaadeen magaalada Brussels, Paris, California, Berlin, iyo meelo badan oo adduunka ah. (Source: "Maxay ku sii socotaa Ciraaq," CNN, January 6, 2014. "Weerarradii ugu dambeeyay ee ISIS," New York Times, January 14, 2016.)